摘要
      污水污泥中的抗生素和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）会对环境和公众健康造成高度的生态毒理学风险。本研究的目的是通过将纤维素酶和木瓜蛋白酶以及这两种酶与零价铁（ZVI）结合直接加入厌氧消化器中，建立酶促原位高级厌氧消化（AAD），以探索在中温条件下（35°C）对抗生素和ARGs的去除。现场AAD过程中的甲烷生产潜力得到了有效提高。30 mg/gTSS的木瓜蛋白酶和纤维素酶在提高抗生素去除率方面最有效。磺胺甲基嘧啶（SMZ）和磺胺嘧啶（SMR）的去除率分别可达89.10%和71.75%。与ZVI联合使用的酶也能显著提高所有靶向抗生素的去除率，尤其是罗红霉素（ROX）、SMZ和SMR。除sul1、tetA和tetB外，木瓜蛋白酶对ARGs的去除率达到6.33%-82.15%。纤维素酶的加入有效地提高了tetA的去除率。生物酶的组合进一步增强了qnrS和ermX的去除。与ZVI联合使用的酶在消化后甚至不能检测到tetG、tetB、sul3、ermX、ermT、qnrS和aac（6′）-IB-CR。木瓜蛋白酶、纤维素酶和ZVI的添加引起优势细菌的变异。所有靶向抗生素均与norank_f__Bacteroidetes_vadinHA17属、norank_f__ norank_o__SJA-15属和norank_f___ norank_o__ Aminicenantales属呈显著正相关。冗余分析表明，古菌Methanosaeta和Candidatus_ Methanoacidiosum属通过酶和ZVI的组合对抗生素的去除有很大贡献。共现网络分析表明，ARGs的去除主要是基于宿主细菌存在的变化。
Abstract
Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in sewage sludge can cause high ecotoxicological risks in the environment and public health concerns. The aims of this study were to establish enzymatic integrated in-situ advanced anaerobic digestion (AAD) by adding cellulase and papain as well as the two enzymes combined with zero valent iron (ZVI) directly into the anaerobic digesters to explore the removal of antibiotics and ARGs under the mesophilic condition (35 °C). The methane production potential during in-situ AAD was effectively improved. Papain and cellulase at 30 mg/gTSS were most effective in improving antibiotic removal. The removal of sulfamerazine (SMZ) and sulfadiazine (SMR) could reach 89.10 % and 71.75 %. Combined enzymes with ZVI also enhanced the removal of all target antibiotics, especially roxithromycin (ROX), SMZ and SMR most significantly. Except for sul1, tetA and tetB, the removal of ARGs by papain reached 6.33 %-82.15 %. The addition of cellulase effectively improved tetA removal. The combination of biological enzymes further enhanced the removal of qnrS and ermX. The tetG, tetB, sul3, ermX, ermT, qnrS, and aac(6′)-IB-CR by combined enzymes with ZVI could even not be detected after digestion. Addition of papain, cellulase, and ZVI caused variations in the dominant bacteria. All target antibiotics presented significant positive correlations with the genera norank_f__Bacteroidetes_vadinHA17, norank_f__norank_o__SJA-15, norank_f__norank_o__Aminicenantales. Redundancy analysis showed archaea Methanosaeta and Candidatus_ Methanoacidiosum genera greatly contributed to antibiotics removal with the combination of enzymes and ZVI. Co-occurrence network analysis indicated the removal of ARGs was mainly based on the changes of existence of host bacteria.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0956053X22003671