摘要
      畜禽粪便是农业土壤中重金属、抗生素和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的主要来源。由于大力鼓励施用粪肥，因此需要对重金属和ARGs的共存进行系统研究。在这项研究中，我们检查了土壤中抗生素耐药性的变化，其中多西环素、铜和锌的添加量与典型猪粪中的添加量相当。结果表明，高水平的Cu在前10天抑制了土壤呼吸和脲酶。宏基因组分析表明，Cu和Zn的添加引起了细菌群落、金属抗性基因（MRG）和可移动遗传元件的深刻改变。在差异ARGs中，外排泵基因在前5天与对照组相比所占比例显著较高，强调了它们在抗生素耐药性中的重要作用。此外，多西环素治疗的差异MRG数量<30，而铜和锌治疗的差异性MRG数量为66–87。对于多西环素治疗，差异整合和结合元素的数量为3，对于Cu和Zn治疗，差异融合和结合元素数量为6-13。总的来说，高Cu和Zn水平对土壤中细菌群落和抗生素耐药性转移的影响比多西环素更大。
Abstract
Livestock manure is a main source of heavy metals, antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in agricultural soils. The co-existence of heavy metals and ARGs needs to be systematically studied, since manure application is greatly encouraged. In this study, we examined soils for alterations in antibiotic resistance where doxycycline, Cu, and Zn were added equivalent to those found in typical pig manure applications. The results indicated that high levels of Cu inhibited soil respiration and urease for the first 10 days. Metagenomic analysis demonstrated that Cu and Zn additions caused profound alterations in bacterial community, metal resistance genes (MRGs) and mobile genetic elements. Among the differential ARGs, efflux pump genes took a significantly high ratio compared with control for the first 5 days, emphasizing their important roles in the profile of antibiotic resistance. Moreover, the number of differential MRGs was < 30 for doxycycline treatment, but 66–87 for Cu and Zn treatments. The number of differential integrative and conjugative elements was 3 for doxycycline treatment, and 6–13 for Cu and Zn treatments. Overall, high Cu and Zn levels caused a greater influence than did doxycycline on bacterial communities and transfer of antibiotic resistance in soil.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389421020100