摘要
      抗微生物耐药性是一个全球性的健康问题，到2050年，由致病性抗微生物耐药性细菌（ARB）引起的感染预计将成为人类死亡的最常见原因。抗微生物耐药性现象已经蔓延到所有生态位，尤其是在大量食用抗微生物药物的食品生产用牲畜中。同样，医院和其他医疗机构被认为是ARB和抗微生物耐药性基因（ARGs）的重要“热点”；然而，在过去的十年里，新的和以前被忽视的生态位正在作为ARB/ARGs的隐藏库出现。日益广泛和密集的工业活动、自然环境的退化、日益增长的粮食需求、城市化和全球气候变化都极大地影响了ARB/ARGs的演变和扩散，目前ARB/ARG处于极其令人担忧的生态水平。尽管在过去的30年里，对源自和源自牲畜和人类宿主的抗微生物细菌和基因进行了广泛的研究，但对许多生态位的关注要少得多。在目前的描述性综述中，作者试图强调野生动物作为ARB/ARGs在环境中的来源/库、途径和受体的重要性，从而为未来在这些领域的初步研究铺平道路。
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance represents a global health problem, with infections due to pathogenic antimicrobial resistant bacteria (ARB) predicted to be the most frequent cause of human mortality by 2050. The phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance has spread to and across all ecological niches, and particularly in livestock used for food production with antimicrobials consumed in high volumes. Similarly, hospitals and other healthcare facilities are recognized as significant ‘hotspots’ of ARB and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs); however, over the past decade, new and previously overlooked ecological niches are emerging as hidden reservoirs of ARB/ARGs. Increasingly extensive and intensive industrial activities, degradation of natural environments, burgeoning food requirements, urbanization, and global climatic change have all dramatically affected the evolution and proliferation of ARB/ARGs, which now stand at extremely concerning ecological levels. While antimicrobial resistant bacteria and genes as they originate and emanate from livestock and human hosts have been extensively studied over the past 30 years, numerous ecological niches have received considerably less attention. In the current descriptive review, the authors have sought to highlight the importance of wildlife as sources/reservoirs, pathways and receptors of ARB/ARGs in the environment, thus paving the way for future primary research in these areas.

https://academic.oup.com/femsec/article-abstract/98/6/fiac045/6568898?login=false