摘要
      开采含有锑（Sb）等金属的矿床会造成严重的环境问题，威胁人类健康和生态系统。然而，关于锑对淡水沉积物微生物的影响以及微生物抗锑机制的信息仍然非常有限。这是首次尝试探索受锑意外泄漏影响的河流沉积物中的微生物群落。宏基因组分析显示，在所有研究的河流沉积物中，变形菌和放线菌的相对丰度都很高，表明它们在抵抗锑污染方面具有优势。在锑胁迫下，与DNA修复和离子转运相关的微生物功能增强。在受锑泄漏影响的地点观察到重金属抗性基因（HMRGs）的增加，特别是与锑运输相关的arsB基因。HMRGs与ARGs和MGEs显著相关，受Sb泄漏影响的地点丰富的MGEs可能有助于通过水平基因转移增加HMRGs和ARGs。Deinococcus、Sphingopyxis和Paracoccus被鉴定为Sb压力下的潜在耐受属，可能与HMRGs和ARGs的传播有关。这项研究可以为意外金属泄漏对沉积物微生物群落的影响提供新的见解。
Abstract
The mining of deposits containing metals like antimony (Sb) causes serious environmental issues that threaten human health and ecological systems. However, information on the effect of Sb on freshwater sediment microorganisms and the mechanism of microbial Sb resistance is still very limited. This was the first attempt to explore microbial communities in river sediments impacted by accidental Sb spill. Metagenomic analysis revealed the high relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria in all the studied river sediments, showing their advantage in resistance to Sb pollution. Under Sb stress, microbial functions related to DNA repair and ion transport were enhanced. Increase in heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs), particularly Sb transport-related arsB gene, was observed at Sb spill-impacted sites. HMRGs were significantly correlated with ARGs and MGEs, and the abundant MGEs at Sb spill-impacted sites might contribute to the increase in HMRGs and ARGs via horizontal gene transfer. Deinococcus, Sphingopyxis and Paracoccus were identified as potential tolerant genera under Sb pressure and might be related to the transmission of HMRGs and ARGs. This study can add new insights towards the effect of accidental metal spill on sediment microbial community.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969721075628