摘要
      磁共振成像检测和医院细菌感染的临床治疗导致钆和抗生素进入污水处理厂。然而，关于钆和抗生素在污水处理厂中的联合污染，仍然缺乏信息。本研究选择50μg/L的钆（Gd（III））和500μg/L的磺胺甲恶唑（SMX），研究它们对生物脱氮性能、微生物群落结构、抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）和可移动遗传元件（MGEs）的影响。结果表明，Gd（III）和SMX联合污染对反硝化作用有明显影响，并通过增加MGE中intl1的丰度来提高ARGs的丰度。此外，Gd（III）抑制了反硝化作用，降低了ARGs的丰度。距离热图显示，典型的脱氮基因与ARGs呈负相关。这项研究强调了单独和共存的Gd（III）和SMX对氮去除机制以及ARGs和MGEs的命运的影响。
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging detection and the clinical treatment of bacterial infections in hospitals cause gadolinium and antibiotics to enter wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, there remains missing information regarding the combined pollution of gadolinium and antibiotics in WWTPs. In this study, 50 μg/L of gadolinium (Gd(III)) and 500 μg/L of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) are selected to study their effects on the biological nitrogen removal performance, the microbial community structure, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and mobile genetic elements (MGEs). The results demonstrated that Gd(III) and SMX combined pollution had an evident effect on denitrification, and elevated the abundance of ARGs by the increasing the abundance of intl1 in the MGEs. Moreover, Gd(III) inhibited the denitrification and decreased the abundance of ARGs. The distance heatmap showed that the typical nitrogen removal genes had a negative correlation with ARGs. This study highlights the effects of Gd(III) and SMX, both alone and coexisting, on nitrogen removal mechanisms, as well as the fate of ARGs and MGEs.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0957582022008035