摘要
      农药对长期稻田土壤硝化活性的影响及其重金属浓度（HMCs）、抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）和氨单加氧酶（amoA）基因之间的相互作用尚不清楚。目的是研究农药对长期处理水稻土中净硝化速率（NR）、潜在硝化速率（NP）、HMCs、ARGs（sulI、sulII、tetO和tetQ）和amoA（amoA-AOA、amoA-AOB和amoA-NOB）基因的影响。与化肥处理的水稻土相比，施用农药的水稻土NR和NP显著降低（p<0.05），而HMCs（Pb2+、Cu2+、Zn2+和Fe3+）显著增加（p<0.05）。散点图矩阵表明，在长期处理的水稻土中，总碳（TC）、土壤有机碳（SOC）、总氮（TN）和铁与NR和NP呈线性相关。农药处理的水稻土在化肥和粪肥中ARGs和amoA基因显著降低（p<0.05）。总体而言，研究结果表明，长期存在于水稻土中的农药及其粪肥组合与农药相互作用的反应，这将对控制水稻土中农药、粪肥和化肥的使用，保护氮循环和环境发挥重要作用。
Abstract
Effect of pesticides on nitrification activity and its interaction among heavy metal concentrations (HMCs), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) genes of long-term paddy soils is little known. The aim was to study the effect of pesticides on net nitrification rate (NR), potential nitrification rate (NP), HMCs, ARGs (sulI, sulII, tetO, and tetQ), and amoA (amoA-AOA, amoA-AOB, and amoA-NOB) genes in long-term treated paddy soils. NR and NP were significantly decreased (p < 0.05), whereas HMCs (Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Fe3+) were a significantly increased (p < 0.05) in chemical fertilizer with pesticide treated paddy soils as compared with chemical fertilizer treated paddy soils. The scatter plot matrix indicated that total carbon (TC), soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and Fe were linearly correlated with NR and NP in long-term treated paddy soils. ARGs and amoA genes were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in chemical fertilizer and manure with pesticide treated paddy soils. Overall, the result indicated the response of pesticide and their combination of manure with pesticide interaction present in long-term paddy soils, which will play a great role in the control uses of pesticides, manure, and chemical fertilizers in paddy soils and protect the nitrogen cycle as well as environment.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0045653522018720