摘要
      人口稠密的城市是抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的宝库。所有抗性基因在特定环境中的总体存在被定义为抗性组。表面的空间接近性和不同的卫生条件导致了抗生素耐药性细菌（ARB）在城市环境中的转移。建筑环境、公共交通、绿地和公民行为都支持抗微生物耐药性（AMR）的持续存在和转移。讨论了城市环境中促进ARG/ARB传播和恢复的各种独特方面：（i）医院和休闲公园作为水库的作用；（ii）作为ARG/ARB承运人的私人和公共交通；（iii）建筑环境作为水平基因转移中心的作用，尽管它们支持的微生物生物多样性低于室外环境；（iv）需要采用生态和进化概念，例如对特定ARG/ARB的命运进行建模，以获得增强的健康风险评估。我们对城市环境中AMR上升的理解和控制能力与我们对连接城市水库和环境的网络的了解有关。
Abstract
Cities that are densely populated are reservoirs of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs). The overall presence of all resistance genes in a specific environment is defined as a resistome. Spatial proximity of surfaces and different hygienic conditions leads to the transfer of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) within urban environments. Built environments, public transportation, green spaces, and citizens’ behaviors all support persistence and transfer of antimicrobial resistances (AMR). Various unique aspects of urban settings that promote spread and resilience of ARGs/ARB are discussed: (i) the role of hospitals and recreational parks as reservoirs; (ii) private and public transportation as carriers of ARGs/ARB; (iii) the role of built environments as a hub for horizontal gene transfer even though they support lower microbial biodiversity than outdoor environments; (iv) the need to employ ecological and evolutionary concepts, such as modeling the fate of a specific ARG/ARB, to gain enhanced health risk assessments. Our understanding and our ability to control the rise of AMR in an urban setting is linked to our knowledge of the network connecting urban reservoirs and the environment.

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/4/512