摘要
      微塑料、抗生素和重金属不可避免地污染水产养殖环境，对生态和人类健康造成严重后果。抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）和金属抗性基因（MRGs）分别在环境中的微生物中被诱导作为对抗抗生素和重金属的防御机制。此外，水产养殖环境中的重金属会通过共选择（共抗或交叉抗）和其他潜在机制导致细菌产生抗生素耐药性。MP也可能是水产养殖环境中多药耐药性的潜在载体，因为它们是抗生素耐药性富集和传播的热点。水产养殖环境中的耐多药（MDR）微生物可能通过食物链渗入水生生物（如耐多药微生物→灯笼鱼科→ 金枪鱼/鱿鱼/鲸鱼/海鸟/海豹），在长期富集后，它们可能会进入人体，对水产养殖和人类健康构成重大风险。因此，这篇综述文章总结了全球水产养殖环境中MP、重金属和抗生素的污染；讨论了ARGs、MRGs的产生和耐药性发展的常见选择机制，并强调了MPs在水产养殖环境中作为抗生素耐药性选择性富集热点的作用，以及多药耐药基因（MDRGs）的潜在载体，对水产养殖甚至人类健康构成了越来越大的威胁。
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs), antibiotics and heavy metals unavoidably contaminate the aquaculture environment, with serious ecological and human health consequences. Antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) and metal resistance genes (MRGs) are induced in microorganisms in the environment as a defence mechanism against antibiotics and heavy metals respectively. Furthermore, heavy metals in the aquaculture environment will cause bacteria to employ antibiotic resistance through co-selection (co-resistance or cross-resistance) and other potential mechanisms. MPs may also act as potential carriers of multidrug resistance in aquaculture environments because they are hotspots for the enrichment and transmission of antibiotic resistance. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms in the aquaculture environment may infiltrate aquatic organisms via the food chain (eg MDR-microorganisms→myctophids→ tuna/ squid/ whales/ seabirds/ seals), and after long-term enrichment, they may gain access to the human body, posing a major risk to aquaculture and human health. As a result, this review article summarises contamination of MPs, heavy metal and antibiotics in global aquaculture settings; discusses the generation of ARGs, MRGs and common selection mechanisms for resistance development and emphasises the role of MPs as hot spots for antibiotic-resistance selective enrichment, as well as potential carriers of multi-drug-resistant genes (MDRGs), in the aquaculture environment, posing an increasing threat to aquaculture and even human health.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/raq.12639