摘要
      短途旅行中食品生产动物（家禽、牛和猪）之间的抗微生物耐药性（AMR）传播(< 8. h） 和长途旅行（> 8. h） 被送往其他农场或屠宰场（直接或在装配中心或控制站设有中间站，主要通过公路运输）进行了评估。在已确定的导致抗微生物耐药性细菌（ARB）和抗微生物耐药性基因（ARGs）传播概率的风险因素中，被认为更重要的是动物在运输前的耐药性状态（ARB/ARGs的存在）、粪便脱落增加、区域和车辆的卫生，暴露于携带和/或脱落ARB/ARG的其他动物（尤其是不同AMR负荷和/或ARB/ARG类型的动物之间）、暴露于受污染的牧场和运输持续时间。然而，没有数据表明行程短于或长于8 h可以进行评估。降低所有动物类AMR传播概率的策略包括尽量缩短运输时间、适当的清洁和消毒、适当的运输规划、根据AMR标准组织运输（运输物流）、在运输前和运输过程中改善动物健康和福利和/或生物安全，确保动物的热舒适性和动物隔离。如果在牧场、集会中心和控制站实施，上述大多数措施都具有类似的有效性。已经确定了与风险因素和缓解措施有效性有关的数据差距，并列出了短期和长期的研究需求。与食品生产链其他阶段的贡献相比，量化动物运输的影响，以及运输和旅途中断期间持续时间与所有风险因素对ARB/ARGs传播的相互作用，被确定为迫切的研究需求。
Abstract
The transmission of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) between food-producing animals (poultry, cattle and pigs) during short journeys (< 8 h) and long journeys (> 8 h) directed to other farms or to the slaughterhouse lairage (directly or with intermediate stops at assembly centres or control posts, mainly transported by road) was assessed. Among the identified risk factors contributing to the probability of transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), the ones considered more important are the resistance status (presence of ARB/ARGs) of the animals pre-transport, increased faecal shedding, hygiene of the areas and vehicles, exposure to other animals carrying and/or shedding ARB/ARGs (especially between animals of different AMR loads and/or ARB/ARG types), exposure to contaminated lairage areas and duration of transport. There are nevertheless no data whereby differences between journeys shorter or longer than 8 h can be assessed. Strategies that would reduce the probability of AMR transmission, for all animal categories include minimising the duration of transport, proper cleaning and disinfection, appropriate transport planning, organising the transport in relation to AMR criteria (transport logistics), improving animal health and welfare and/or biosecurity immediately prior to and during transport, ensuring the thermal comfort of the animals and animal segregation. Most of the aforementioned measures have similar validity if applied at lairage, assembly centres and control posts. Data gaps relating to the risk factors and the effectiveness of mitigation measures have been identified, with consequent research needs in both the short and longer term listed. Quantification of the impact of animal transportation compared to the contribution of other stages of the food-production chain, and the interplay of duration with all risk factors on the transmission of ARB/ARGs during transport and journey breaks, were identified as urgent research needs.

https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7586