摘要
      抗性基因的出现是一种全球性现象，对动物和人类都构成了重大威胁。湖泊是赋予抗生素和金属耐药性的重要基因库。在本研究中，我们使用高通量测序和宏基因组分析研究了代海沉积物中抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）和金属抗性基因（MRGs）的分布和多样性。结果表明，所有采样点的细菌群落结构相似，其中变形菌门、放线菌门、厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门最为丰富。沉积物中共沉积了16种ARG类型，包含111种ARG亚型。在对杆菌肽的抗性基因中，多药、大环内酯类林克酰胺链菌素（MLS）、四环素、β-内酰胺和磺酰胺是主要的ARG类型，占总ARG的89.9–94.3%。此外，还鉴定了15种MRG类型，包括146种MRG亚型。在所有样品中，相同类型的磁共振波谱对Pb、Ni、Hg、W、Zn、Ag、Cr、Fe、As、Cu和多金属都具有抗性。总体而言，抗生素和金属抗性基因的分布和多样性在样本中没有显示出显著差异。质粒（91.03–91.82%）是岱海沉积物中最主要的流动遗传元素。网络分析表明，目标ARGs和MRGs与微生物呈显著正相关。各种ARGs和MRG的潜在宿主包括变形杆菌、Euryarchaeota、放线菌、绿弯菌和拟杆菌。
Abstract
The emergence of resistance genes is a global phenomenon that poses a significant threat to both animals and humans. Lakes are important reservoirs of genes that confer resistant to antibiotics and metals. In this study, we investigated the distribution and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and metal resistance genes (MRGs) in the sediment of Daihai Lake using high-throughput sequencing and metagenomic analysis. The results indicated that all sampling sites had similar bacterial community structures, with Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes being the most abundant. A total of 16 ARG types containing 111 ARG subtypes were deposited in the sediment. Among the resistance genes to bacitracin, multidrug, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS), tetracycline, beta-lactam, and sulfonamide were the dominant ARG types, accounting for 89.9–94.3% of the total ARGs. Additionally, 15 MRG types consisting of 146 MRG subtypes were identified. In all samples, MRGs of the same type presented resistance to Pb, Ni, Hg, W, Zn, Ag, Cr, Fe, As, Cu, and multimetals. Overall, the distribution and diversity of antibiotic and metal resistance genes showed no significant differences in the samples. Plasmids (91.03–91.82%) were the most dominant mobile genetic elements in the sediments of Daihai Lake. Network analysis indicated that the target ARGs and MRGs were significantly positively correlated with the microorganisms. Potential hosts for various ARGs and MRGs include Proteobacteria, Euryarchaeota, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Bacteroidetes.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749122002792