摘要
      抗生素制药废水是一种典型的高浓度难降解有机废水，可能会阻碍其生物处理性能。在治疗过程中，反应器有可能成为抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）传播的热点。本研究评估了将改良的内循环（MIC）厌氧反应器（带外循环）应用于真正的抗生素制药废水处理的可行性，并进一步解读微生物多样性和ARGs的演变。结果表明，在HRT为4天和3天时，COD去除率超过82%-92%，去甲氯环素去除率超过80-84%。此外，抗生素废水极大地改变了微生物群落的结构。厚壁菌门取代了拟杆菌门，成为门级别的主要细菌。甲烷菌在抗生素胁迫下受到显著抑制，而甲烷菌占主导地位，这表明主要的甲烷产生途径从aceticlastic途径转变为氢促生途径。ARGs评估结果表明，较高的HRT可能会增加ARGs增殖的风险。ARGs与微生物群落的相关性表明，Comamonas、Enterococcus、Cloacibacillus和Methanosphaera成为ARGs的潜在宿主，并在ARGs传播中发挥重要作用。重要的是，MIC厌氧反应器可以成功应用于去甲氯环素抗生素制药废水，但污泥中ARGs的风险不容忽视。
Abstract
Antibiotic pharmaceutical wastewater is a typical high concentration refractory organic wastewater, which may hinder the biological treatment performance. During the treatment, the reactor has the potential to become the hotspot for the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This study evaluated the viability to apply a modified internal circulation (MIC) anaerobic reactor (with external circulation) to real antibiotic pharmaceutical wastewater treatment and further to decipher the microbial diversity and ARGs evolutions. Results indicated over 82%–92% of COD removal efficiency and 80–84% of demeclocycline removal efficiency at HRT of 4 days and 3 days. Additionally, the antibiotics wastewater substantially modified the structure of microbial community. Firmicutes replaced the Bacteroidetes, becoming the predominant bacteria at the phylum level. Methanosaeta was significantly restrained under antibiotic stress while Methanosphaera dominated, suggesting that the predominant methane-production pathway changed from aceticlastic pathway to hydrogenotroph. ARGs evaluation results indicated that higher HRT may increase the risk of ARGs proliferation. The correlation between ARGs and microbial community implied that Comamonas, Enterococcus, Cloacibacillus and Methanosphaera become the potential ARGs hosts and played an important role in ARGs dissemination. Importantly, MIC anaerobic reactor can be successfully applied to demeclocycline antibiotic pharmaceutical wastewater but the risk of ARGs in the sludge should be not neglected.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2214714422003580