摘要
      抗微生物耐药性（AMR）的流行病学是复杂的，具有多个界面（人类-动物环境）。在这种情况下，One Health监测对于了解微生物和抗微生物耐药性基因（ARGs）的分布至关重要。本报告描述了一项多中心研究，该研究旨在评估同时从巴西五个地区取样的食品生产动物（牛、家禽和猪）和健康人的细菌群落和耐药性。宏基因组分析显示，从不同宿主收集的107份直肠拭子中共鉴定出21029个独特物种，其中数量最多的属于结构域细菌，主要是瘤胃杆菌属和拟杆菌属，以及肠杆菌目。我们检测到12个不同抗菌类别的405个ARGs。编码抗生素修饰酶的基因最常见，其次是与靶点改变和外排系统相关的基因。有趣的是，编码碳青霉烯酶的基因如blaAIM-1、blaCAM-1、blaGIM-2和blaHMB-1在不同的宿主中被鉴定。我们的研究结果表明，总的来说，除了东北地区，来自人类的细菌群落存在于孤立的集群中，在那里观察到来自人类和食物生产动物的细菌物种重叠。此外，在所有分析的宿主中都观察到了一个大的抗性组，重点是存在以前在拉丁美洲没有报道过的碳青霉烯酶编码基因。
ABSTRACT
The epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is complex, with multiple interfaces (human-animal-environment). In this context, One Health surveillance is essential for understanding the distribution of microorganisms and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). This report describes a multicentric study undertaken to evaluate the bacterial communities and resistomes of food-producing animals (cattle, poultry, and swine) and healthy humans sampled simultaneously from five Brazilian regions. Metagenomic analysis showed that a total of 21,029 unique species were identified in 107 rectal swabs collected from distinct hosts, the highest numbers of which belonged to the domain Bacteria, mainly Ruminiclostridium spp. and Bacteroides spp., and the order Enterobacterales. We detected 405 ARGs for 12 distinct antimicrobial classes. Genes encoding antibiotic-modifying enzymes were the most frequent, followed by genes related to target alteration and efflux systems. Interestingly, carbapenemase-encoding genes such as blaAIM-1, blaCAM-1, blaGIM-2, and blaHMB-1 were identified in distinct hosts. Our results revealed that, in general, the bacterial communities from humans were present in isolated clusters, except for the Northeastern region, where an overlap of the bacterial species from humans and food-producing animals was observed. Additionally, a large resistome was observed among all analyzed hosts, with emphasis on the presence of carbapenemase-encoding genes not previously reported in Latin America.

https://journals.asm.org/doi/full/10.1128/spectrum.00565-22