摘要
      废水处理厂是抗生素抗性基因传播的重要枢纽。工程纳米颗粒不可避免地被释放到污水处理厂，可能会改变对环境敏感的抗生素耐药性细菌（ARB）。这将影响ARGs在随后的消毒过程中的命运以及随之而来的健康风险。在本研究中，研究了在序批式反应器（SBR）中存在多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）的情况下，传统次氯酸钠（NaClO）消毒过程中出水的ARGs命运。结果表明，SBR中MWCNTs的存在可以提高NaClO对出水中细胞内16S rRNA基因和intI1、细胞外intI1，sul2和tetX的去除效率。这主要是由于多壁碳纳米管作用下细菌生理状态、细菌种群结构和NaClO活化的变化。SBR中的MWCNTs可以增加细菌细胞的膜渗透性，有利于氯化作用向细胞质的渗透。SBR中的MWCNTs也可以改变细菌种群结构，诱导氯敏感细菌；因此流出物中ARGs的潜在宿主将更容易被NaClO灭活。此外，废水中残留的MWCNTs可以激活NaClO产生各种自由基，从而提高氯化的氧化能力。
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are important hubs for the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Engineered nanoparticles, which was inevitably released to WWTPs, could change environmentally sensitive of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB). This would influence the fate of ARGs in subsequent disinfection process and consequent health risk. In this study, the ARGs fate of the effluent in conventional sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) disinfection process was investigated as multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) existed in sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The results showed the existence of MWCNTs in SBR could enhance the removal efficiency of intracellular 16S rRNA gene and intI1, extracellular intI1, sul2 and tetX in the effluent by NaClO. This is mainly due to the variation of bacterial physiological status, bacterial population structure and the activation of NaClO under the role of MWCNTs. MWCNTs in SBR could increase in membrane permeability of bacterial cells, which would be conducive to the penetration of chlorination to cytoplasm. MWCNTs in SBR also could change the bacterial population structure and induce the chlorine-sensitive bacteria; thus the potential hosts of ARGs in the effluent would be more easily inactivated by NaClO. Moreover, the residual MWCNTs in the effluent could activate NaClO to generate various free radical, which would enhance the oxidizing capacity of chlorination.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0045653522011341