摘要
      近年来，医疗保健部门和畜牧业过度使用抗生素加剧了抗微生物耐药性（AMR），这是一个主要的环境威胁。非生物胁迫，包括土壤盐度和水污染物，会影响土壤中的AMR，从而降低农产品的产量和质量。本研究的目的是研究农业土壤中抗生素耐药性和非生物胁迫对抗生素耐药性的影响。对同行评审的已发表文献的系统综述表明，来自有机肥料和化肥、重金属、碳氢化合物和未经处理的污水污泥的土壤污染物可以通过增加农业土壤中抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）和抗生素抗性细菌（ARBs）的丰度来显著发展AMR。在为最大限度地减少AMR的负面影响而开发的有效技术中，盐度和热量在降低ARGs和随后的AMR方面更具影响力。已经讨论了缓解农业土壤中AMR的几种策略和AMR研究的未来方向，包括抗生素使用的综合控制和ARGs的主要来源。了解影响AMR的因素有可能制定有效的政策和技术，以最大限度地减少其不利影响。
Abstract
Excessive use of antibiotics in the healthcare sector and livestock farming has amplified antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as a major environmental threat in recent years. Abiotic stresses, including soil salinity and water pollutants, can affect AMR in soils, which in turn reduces the yield and quality of agricultural products. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of antibiotic resistance and abiotic stresses on antimicrobial resistance in agricultural soils. A systematic review of the peer-reviewed published literature showed that soil contaminants derived from organic and chemical fertilizers, heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and untreated sewage sludge can significantly develop AMR through increasing the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs) in agricultural soils. Among effective technologies developed to minimize AMR’s negative effects, salinity and heat were found to be more influential in lowering ARGs and subsequently AMR. Several strategies to mitigate AMR in agricultural soils and future directions for research on AMR have been discussed, including integrated control of antibiotic usage and primary sources of ARGs. Knowledge of the factors affecting AMR has the potential to develop effective policies and technologies to minimize its adverse impacts.

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/8/4666