摘要
      耐药微生物的出现和传播获得了新的耐药机制，导致抗生素耐药性，继续威胁着世界各地人类和动物的健康。非人灵长类动物作为世界上人类的近亲，在基因和生理上与人类有着高度的相似性。然而，尽管它很重要，但我们对非人类灵长类动物和人类携带的肠道微生物组的抗生素耐药性基因的异同缺乏全面的表征或理解。在本研究中，通过宏基因组分析研究了食蟹猴肠道微生物群携带的抗生素抗性基因的多样性和丰度。在食蟹猴的肠道微生物组中，总共鉴定出60种对11类抗生素产生耐药性的耐药性类型。有趣的是，食蟹猴肠道微生物群携带的ARG的组成和丰度会受到饮食变化的显著影响。此外，我们发现人类携带的所有ARG类型也存在于食蟹猴体内。四环素抗性基因tet（37）在进化上是保守的并且高度同源。总之，我们的研究全面概述了食蟹猴肠道微生物群中ARG的多样性和丰富性，并强调了饮食对猴子和人类肠道健康的潜在关键作用。
Abstract
The emergence and spread of drug-resistant microorganisms that have acquired new resistance mechanisms, leading to antibiotic resistance, continue to threaten the health of humans and animals worldwide. Non-human primates (NHPs), as close living relatives of human beings in the world, have a high degree of genetic and physiological similarity to humans. However, despite its importance, we lack a comprehensive characterization or understanding of the similarities and differences of the antibiotic resistance genes of the gut microbiome carried by non-human primates and humans. In the present study, the diversity and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes carried by the gut microbiota of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were investigated by metagenomic analysis. In total, 60 resistance types conferring resistance to 11 categories of antibiotics were identified in the gut microbiome of cynomolgus monkeys. Interestingly, the composition and abundance of ARGs carried by the gut microbiota of cynomolgus monkeys can be significantly affected by dietary changes. Moreover, we found that all ARG types carried by humans are also present in cynomolgus monkeys. The tetracycline resistance gene tet(37) is evolutionarily conserved and highly homologous. Taken together, our study provides a comprehensive overview of the diversity and richness of ARGs in the gut microbiota of cynomolgus monkeys and underlines the potentially crucial role of diet in the gut health of monkeys and humans.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0944501321002019