摘要
       蓝藻有害藻华（Cyanobacterial有害藻华）是一个生态问题，因为大规模破坏生态系统的藻华，也是一个全球公共卫生问题，因为某些形成藻华的物种产生了蓝藻毒素。对全球公共健康的另一个威胁是来自人为来源的抗生素耐药性（AR）在淡水环境水库中的传播，如废水排放以及城市和农业径流。在这项研究中，蓝细菌现在被假设在环境抗性中发挥作用。对使用分子技术（如PCR和宏基因组测序）的研究进行了非系统的文献综述，以探索蓝藻可能对环境AR做出贡献的间接和直接方式。结果表明，蓝藻可以携带抗生素抗性基因（ARGs），并可能促进ARGs在细菌中的传播，这是由于位于微囊藻属等属的移动遗传元件（MGE）的显著贡献。然而，由于其他因素，蓝藻也可能促进或抑制ARGs在环境淡水细菌中的传播。这篇综述的目的是：1）考虑蓝藻作为AR宿主的作用，因为蓝藻血红蛋白在历史上被认为是AR的一个独立问题，2）确定将蓝藻理解为ARG宿主的知识差距。应使用先进的方法，如霰弹枪宏基因组和长读测序，进一步研究蓝藻水华以及其他生物（如与原生生物或噬蓝菌的相互作用）和非生物因素，以阐明其功能ARG/MGE的程度及其对环境AR的影响。
Abstract
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) are an ecological concern because of large ecosystem-disrupting blooms and a global public health concern because of the cyanotoxins produced by certain bloom-forming species. Another threat to global public health is the dissemination of antibiotic resistance (AR) in freshwater environmental reservoirs from anthropogenic sources, such as wastewater discharge and urban and agricultural runoff. In this study, cyanobacteria are now hypothesized to play a role in the environmental resistome. A non-systematic literature review of studies using molecular techniques (such as PCR and metagenomic sequencing) was conducted to explore indirect and direct ways cyanobacteria might contribute to environmental AR. Results show cyanobacteria can host antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and might promote the spread of ARGs in bacteria due to the significant contribution of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) located in genera such as Microcystis. However, cyanobacteria may promote or inhibit the spread of ARGs in environmental freshwater bacteria due to other factors as well. The purpose of this review is to 1) consider the role of cyanobacteria as AR hosts, since cyanoHABs are historically considered to be a separate problem from AR, and 2) to identify the knowledge gap in understanding cyanobacteria as ARG reservoirs. Cyanobacterial blooms, as well as other biotic (e.g. interactions with protists or cyanophages) and abiotic factors, should be studied further using advanced methods such as shotgun metagenomic and long read sequencing to clarify the extent of their functional ARGs/MGEs and influences on environmental AR.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0013935122019399