摘要
      抗生素菌丝体渣滓已被列为工业危险废物。为了降低环境风险，采用整合组学和qPCR方法，揭示了不同大观霉素菌丝渣发酵过程中抗生素和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的动力学和去除机制。结果表明，在高水分SMD发酵过程中，抗生素的去除率高达98%。链霉菌、乳酸杆菌和假单胞菌编码的aadA1基因的高丰度与大观霉素的有效降解有关，并鉴定了降解细菌分泌的灭活酶。此外，在高温环境下，主要微生物群受到水分含量的显著影响。在低水分SMD的发酵中，糖多胞菌是主要分泌S8内肽酶、M14、M15、S10、S13羧肽酶、M1、M28、S15氨基肽酶和抗氧化酶的微生物群，而在高水分SMD发酵中，芽孢杆菌和Cerasibacillus是主要分泌S8内肽酶和抗氧化酶的优势属。在嗜热阶段，ARGs和可移动遗传元素的丰度显著下降，最大降幅分别为93.7%和99.9%。在结束阶段将水分含量保持在30%以下可以有效地防止ARGs的传播。
Abstract
Antibiotic mycelial dregs (AMDs) have been listed as industrial hazardous wastes. With the aim of reducing the environmental risk, the integrated-omics and qPCR approaches were used to reveal the dynamics and removal mechanisms of antibiotic and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during the fermentation of different spectinomycin mycelial dregs (SMDs). The results showed that the removal efficiency of antibiotic in the fermentation of high moisture SMDs reached up to 98%. The high abundance of aadA1 gene encoded by Streptomyces, Lactobacillus, and Pseudomonas was associated with the efficient degradation of spectinomycin, and the inactivating enzymes secreted by degradative bacteria were identified. Furthermore, the dominant microbiota was impacted by moisture content significantly under high temperature environments. In the fermentation of low moisture SMDs, Saccharopolyspora was the dominant microbiota which secreted S8 endopeptidase, M14, M15, S10, S13 carboxypeptidases, M1, M28, S15 aminopeptidases, and antioxidant enzymes, while in the fermentation of high moisture SMDs, Bacillus and Cerasibacillus were dominant genera which mainly secreted S8 endopeptidase and antioxidant enzymes. The abundance of ARGs and mobile genetic elements decreased significantly at thermophilic phase, with maximum drops of 93.7% and 99.9%, respectively. Maintaining moisture content below 30% at the end phase could prevent the transmission of ARGs effectively.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389421017891