摘要
     动物尸体腐烂会产生许多有毒的代谢产物和化学污染物，对水生环境和人类健康构成潜在的生态风险。然而，动物尸体分解对不同水类型的高风险抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）和潜在病原体的影响仍然未知。在本研究中，将15具淡水经济鱼类（Carassius auratus）尸体放入三种类型的水中（即池塘水、自来水和生活污水）进行为期100天的分解。使用下一代测序和HT-qPCR来说明尸体分解如何影响微生物群落和ARG谱。我们的研究结果表明，鱼尸体的降解在不同的水类型中引起了相似的耐药性和微生物组。实验组MLSB（大环内酯林肯酰胺链霉菌B）、β-内酰胺酶、磺酰胺、四环素抗性基因和转座酶基因增加。其中，四环素抗性基因在尸体降解过程中富集了224至136218倍。此外，分别对MLSB、多药和磺酰胺具有耐药性的高风险ARG（ermB、floR和dfrA1）在尸体组中显著富集，并与机会病原体（如拟杆菌门）具有共现模式，这在尸体组是对照组的37倍多。这项研究能够得出一个普遍的结论，即淡水经济鱼类的尸体分解会影响高风险的ARG和致病微生物，从而恶化水环境，而不考虑水的类型，这对人类健康构成潜在威胁。因此，及时管理和处理动物尸体对保护水环境具有重要意义。
Abstract
Animal carcass decay produces many poisonous metabolites and chemical pollutants, which pose potential ecological risks to the aquatic environment and human health. However, the effects of animal cadaver decomposition on high-risk antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and potential pathogens in different water types are still unknown. In this study, fifteen freshwater economic fish (Carassius auratus) corpses were put into three types of water (i.e., pond water, tap water, and domestic sewage) for a 100-day decomposition. Next generation sequencing and HT-qPCR were used to illustrate how corpse decomposition affected microbial communities and ARG profiles. Our results revealed that fish corpse degradation caused similar resistomes and microbiome in different water types. MLSB (Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B), β-lactamase, sulfonamide, tetracycline resistance genes and transposase genes in the experimental groups were increased. Among them, tetracycline resistance genes were enriched by 224 to 136,218-fold during the process of corpse degradation. Furthermore, high-risk ARGs (ermB, floR and dfrA1), which resist to MLSB, multidrug and sulfonamide respectively, were significantly enriched in the cadaver groups and had co-occurrence patterns with opportunistic pathogens, such as Bacteroidetes, which was more than 37 times in carcass groups than that in control groups. The study is able to draw a general conclusion that cadaver decomposition of freshwater economic fish deteriorates the aquatic environment by affecting high-risk ARGs and pathogenic microorganisms regardless of water types, which poses potential threats to human health. Therefore, timely management and treatment of animal carcasses is of great significance to the protection of water environment.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301479722015171