摘要
      城市固体废物（MSW）填埋场是城市环境中最重要的抗微生物耐药性库之一。通过回顾全球约120例已发表的病例，我们发现渗滤液携带的抗生素处于μg/L水平，同时，中国每年从城市生活垃圾填埋场中浸出约8吨抗生素（包括临床相关的抗生素）。在长达十年的填埋过程中，主要来源于人类相关废物（>40%）的渗滤液传播细菌形成了一个适应剧烈环境变化的群落网络。其中，关键物种（亚变形杆菌）在浸出液中代谢最有效的底物，也是流动抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的宿主，这表明细菌群落和抗性组之间存在持久而密切的联系。这些渗滤液携带的ARGs通过质粒介导的水平基因转移具有高度流动性，尤其是在老化程度较低的渗滤液中（<10 年）。MetaCompare显示，垃圾填埋场特定空气传播颗粒物的AMR危害指数（指数=20.5）显著高于饮用水的AMR危险指数（指数=17.81，P<0.01）。人类每天暴露于ARGs的量相当于吸入（5.83±0.16）×105拷贝的ARGs，比摄入饮用水高十倍，这意味着垃圾填埋场是不可忽视的AMR来源。
Abstract
Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill is one of the most important reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in urban environments. By reviewing ~120 published cases worldwide, we found that leachate-borne antibiotics were at the μg/L level, and meanwhile, around 8 tons of antibiotics (including the clinically relevant ones) annually leached from the MSW landfills in China. During a decade-long landfilling process, the leachate-borne bacteria mainly originating from human-associated waste (>40%) formed a community network being versatile to the drastic environmental changes. Among them, the keystone species (Proteobacteria subtaxa) functioned for metabolizing the most available substrate in leachates and were also the hosts of mobile antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which suggested the enduring and close associations between bacterial community and resistome. These leachate-borne ARGs were highly mobile via plasmid-mediated horizontal gene transfer, especially in less aged leachates (<10 yr). MetaCompare showed that the AMR-hazard index of landfill-specific airborne particles (index=20.5) was significantly higher than that of drinking water (index=17.81, P<0.01). Human daily exposure of ARGs amounted to an inhalation of (5.83±0.16)×105 copies of ARGs, being tenfold higher than that ingestion of drinking water, which implies landfills as a non-ignorable AMR source.

https://www.nso-journal.org/articles/nso/abs/2022/02/NSO20220021/NSO20220021.html