摘要
      人类和牲畜广泛使用抗生素，导致环境中抗生素耐药性水平提高。城市污水处理厂被认为是水生环境中抗生素抗性细菌（ARB）和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的主要来源之一。在过去的几年里，为了了解废水的微生物质量及其对抗生素的耐药性潜力，已经进行了大量的研究。紫外线消毒主要用于实现消毒，包括破坏DNA，但考虑到实现有效DNA损伤所需的更大紫外线通量相关的更高能量需求，越来越多地使用基于氯和H2O2的AOP靶向基因，包括ARGs。这篇综述的重点是一些研究最多的过程，包括单独和组合方法中的紫外线光解和氯，以及使用H2O2的紫外线高级氧化过程（AOP）。由于这些方法在全球范围内具有实际的消毒和废水处理应用，因此从将其范围扩展到全面废水处理中的DNA损伤/ARG失活的角度对这些方法进行了综述。回顾了ARGs在现有废水处理过程中的命运以及它如何随着现有处理过程而变化，以强调与选定过程相关的研究需求，以应对未来的消毒挑战。
Abstract
Extensive use of antibiotics for humans and livestock has led to an enhanced level of antibiotic resistance in the environment. Municipal wastewater treatment plants are regarded as one of the main sources of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the aquatic environment. A significant amount of research has been carried out to understand the microbiological quality of wastewater with respect to its antibiotic resistance potential over the past several years. UV disinfection has primarily been used to achieve disinfection, including damaging DNA, but there has been an increasing use of chlorine and H2O2-based AOPs for targeting genes, including ARGs, considering the higher energy demands related to the greater UV fluences needed to achieve efficient DNA damage. This review focuses on some of the most investigated processes, including UV photolysis and chlorine in both individual and combined approaches and UV advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) using H2O2. Since these approaches have practical disinfection and wastewater treatment applications globally, the processes are reviewed from the perspective of extending their scope to DNA damage/ARG inactivation in full-scale wastewater treatment. The fate of ARGs during existing wastewater treatment processes and how it changes with existing treatment processes is reviewed with a view to highlighting the research needs in relation to selected processes for addressing future disinfection challenges.

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/3/1636