摘要

一般在化学分析的基础上评估人造湿地（CWs）去除药物活性化合物（PhACs）的性能。在这项工作中，我们使用了化学，毒理学和分子分析相结合的方法来评估三种化学需氧量的现场研究中PhACs，毒性效力和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的衰减，这三种化学品作为污水处理厂的三级处理。首先，对17种PhAC进行化学分析，其中14种检测出来，7种浓度>0.1μg/ l。尽管在所研究的CW中一些个别PhAC被中度或高度去除，但在垂直地下流CW（VSF-CW）中整体PhAC的中值去除约为50％，而水力加载率较低，而在另外两个中去除自由水面流动CW（SF-CW）可忽略不计。其次，在一系列生物测定中评估了废水提取物的毒性效能。在CWs中雌激素性总体上减弱，而在通过所研究的两种CWs后，废水提取物的神经毒性效力没有降低。第三，VSF-CW和SF-CW之一显示整合酶基因的阳性去除和三种测试的ARG。另一种SF-CW中ARG的浓度增加以及所有CW中总细菌的增加可能与携带细菌的再生有关。最后，多变量分析显示大多数PhACs与观察到的毒性效力呈正相关。另外，低去除有机物和营养物似乎与PhAC的低去除率平行。 ARG与有机物，营养物和一些PhAC以及整合酶基因正相关，但不与各自的抗生素相关。 PhACs，毒性效应和ARG的去除不充分表明需要优化CWs作为三级处理设施的设计。

The performance of constructed wetlands (CWs) in the removal of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) is generally evaluated on the basis of chemical analysis. In this work, we used a combination of chemical, toxicological, and molecular analyses to assess the attenuation of PhACs, toxic potency and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in a field study of three CWs serving as tertiary treatment of wastewater treatment plants. First, 17 PhACs were analysed chemically, of which 14 were detected and seven at concentrations >0.1 μg/l. Even though some of the individual PhACs were moderately or highly removed in the CWs investigated, median removal of overall PhACs was approximately 50% in the vertical subsurface flow CW (VSF-CW) with a lower hydraulic loading rate while the removal in the other two free water surface flow CWs (SF-CWs) was negligible. Second, toxic potency of wastewater extracts was assessed in a range of bioassays. Estrogenicity was overall attenuated in CWs, while the neurotoxic potency of wastewater extracts did not decrease after passage through the two CWs investigated. Third, the VSF-CW and one of the SF-CW showed a positive removal of an integrase gene and three ARGs tested. The increased concentrations of ARGs in the other SF-CW, as well as the increase of total bacteria in all CWs, may relate to regrowth of resistance-carrying bacteria. Finally, multivariate analysis shows that most PhACs are positively correlated to the observed toxic potency. Additionally, low removal of organics and nutrients seems to parallel with low removal of PhACs. ARGs positively correlated with organics, nutrients and some PhACs, and the integrase gene but not to the respective antibiotics. The insufficient removal of PhACs, toxic potency, and ARGs indicates the need of an optimal design of CWs as tertiary treatment facilities.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969718308374