摘要
      在中国一个具有代表性的城市固体废物填埋场，对磺酰胺类（SA）、四环素类（TC）、大环内酯类（ML）及其相关抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的垂直分布进行了全面调查和表征。垃圾填埋场中目标抗生素的总浓度为SAs>TCs>MLs。mexF基因（10.78±0.65 log10copies/g）和sul基因（9.15±0.54 log10copies/g）的丰度相对较高，而tet基因（7.19±0.77 log10copy/g）的丰度最低。抗生素和基因的丰度都随着填埋深度的变化而波动，并且相同抗生素的ARGs与深度的变化一致。Intl1和sul基因（sul1，sul2）紧密相连，tet基因（tetM，tetQ）和MLs抗性基因（ermB，mefA）之间也存在密切关系。高通量测序显示，在采样点A和C，优势属为孢子虫属（38%）和硫杆菌属（17%），而在采样点B，微生物群落随着深度的增加而变化，分别为短殖单胞菌属（20%）、孢子虫属、假单胞菌属、溶杆菌属（28%）和硫代碱微生物属（14%）。网络分析进一步可视化了抗生素、基因和微生物群落之间的关系，结果表明它们与靶基因的可能宿主之间存在非随机联系。即使在垃圾填埋场表面以下12.0米处，抗生素耐药性污染仍然严重，这给后续的垃圾填埋场修复和污染控制带来了困难。
Abstract
The vertical distribution of sulfonamides (SAs), tetracyclines (TCs), macrolides (MLs), and their related antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were comprehensively investigated and characterized in a representative municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill in China. The total concentrations of target antibiotics in the MSW landfill were SAs > TCs > MLs. The abundances of mexF (10.78 ± 0.65 log10copies/g) and sul genes (9.15 ± 0.54 log10copies/g) were relatively high, while the tet genes (7.19 ± 0.77 log10copies/g) were the lowest. Both the abundance of antibiotics and genes fluctuated with landfill depth, and the ARGs of the same antibiotics were consistent with depth change. Intl1 and sul genes (sul1, sul2) were tightly connected, and a close relationship also existed between tet genes (tetM, tetQ) and MLs resistance genes (ermB, mefA). High-throughput sequencing showed the dominant genera were Sporosarcina (38%) and Thiobacillus (17%) at sampling points A and C, while the microbial community varied with depth increase at point B were Brevundimonas (20%), Sporosarcina (20%), Pseudomonas (24%), Lysobacter (28%), and Thioalkalimicrobium (14%), respectively. Network analysis further visualized the relationship among antibiotics, genes, and microbial communities and the results indicated the non-random connection among them and the possible host of the target gene. Even at 12.0 m below the landfill surface, the pollution of antibiotics resistance was still serious, which posed difficulties for subsequent landfill remediation and pollution control.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014765132200759X