摘要
      抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）引起的抗生素耐药性威胁着人类健康。动物粪便中的ARGs可以通过堆肥降解。本研究探讨了猪粪和茶树秸秆与（T）嗜热微生物制剂（包括土杆菌ZF1和土杆菌ZF2）在4L真空烧瓶中共同堆肥15天期间，ARGs和微生物群落的变化。不使用嗜热微生物制剂的堆肥作为对照（CK）。结果表明，T组堆肥温度在72.1°C达到峰值，并在70°C以上维持4天。CK组的最高温度为64.0°C。种子发芽指数显示，T组在第9天达到成熟，而CK组在第15天达到成熟。CK组的优势菌为芽孢杆菌。在T组中，优势细菌由芽孢杆菌和棒状杆菌转变为地芽孢杆菌。与对照组相比，T组对cmx、baeS和TaeA的去除率分别提高了24.6%、18.6%和12.1%。T组分别促进和抑制arlR和novA的去除（p<0.05），而CK组则表现出相反的效果。网络分析表明，T组有效灭活了Dietzia、Clostridium和Corynebacterium（p<0.05），并促进了cmx和baeS的去除。这些结果表明，嗜热微生物制剂可以加速猪粪和茶树秸秆的成熟，改变微生物群落，促进ARGs的去除。减少ARGs的传播，进而减少人类健康风险，具有重要意义。
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance caused by antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) threatens human health. ARGs in animal manure can be degraded by composting. This study explored the changes in ARGs and microbial communities during co-composting of pig manure and tea stalks with (T) thermophilic microbial agents, including Geobacillus toebii ZF1 and Geobacillus sp. ZF2 for 15 days in a 4 L vacuum flask. Composting without thermophilic microbial agents served as control (CK). The results showed that the compost temperature of group T peaked at 72.1 °C and maintained above 70 °C for 4 days. The maximum temperature of group CK was 64.0 °C. The seed germination index showed that group T had reached maturity on day 9, while group CK reached maturity on day 15. The dominant bacteria in group CK were Bacillus. In group T, the dominant bacteria changed from Bacillus and Corynebacterium to Geobacillus. Compared with that of group CK, group T increased the removal of cmx, baeS and TaeA by 24.6%, 18.6% and 12.1%, respectively. Group T promoted and inhibited the removal of arlR and novA, respectively (p < 0.05), while group CK showed the opposite effect. Network analysis suggested that group T effectively inactivated Dietzia, Clostridium and Corynebacterium (p < 0.05) and promoted the removal of cmx and baeS. These results showed that thermophilic microbial agents could accelerate the maturation of pig manure and tea stalks, change microbial communities and promote the removal of ARGs. It is of great significance to reduce the spread of ARGs and, in turn, human health risks.

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/19/12593