摘要

肠道微生物群对宿主健康作出重要贡献，但环境压力对土壤动物群的肠道微生物群的影响在很大程度上未表征。在这里，我们检查了诺氟沙星和土霉素对普通土壤弹孔虫Folsomia念珠菌的肠道微生物群的影响，以及肠道中抗生素抗性基因（ARG）的发病率和弹尾目生长的伴随变化。暴露于10mg抗生素kg-1持续2周显着抑制了弹夹的生长，16S rRNA基因丰度降低了大约10倍。抗生素确实改变了跳虫肠道微生物组的组成和结构并降低了肠道细菌的多样性。抗生素处理的弹尾目中的幼虫/拟杆菌比率的下降可能是造成体重下降的原因。接触抗生素显着增加了弹孔肠道中ARG的多样性和丰富性。 Mantel检验和Procrustes分析均显示ARGs和肠道微生物群相互之间显着相关（P <0.05）。这些结果表明，抗生素可能引起非目标生物如肠道弹丝菌的肠道微生物群发生变化，从而影响其生长和富集ARGs。

Gut microbiota make an important contribution to host health but the effects of environmental pressures on the gut microbiota of soil fauna are largely uncharacterized. Here, we examine the effects of norfloxacin and oxytetracycline on the gut microbiome of the common soil collembolanFolsomia candida and concomitant changes in the incidence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the gut and in growth of the collembolan. Exposure to 10 mg antibiotics kg–1 for 2 weeks significantly inhibited the growth of the collembolan with roughly a 10-fold decrease in 16S rRNA gene abundance. Antibiotics did alter the composition and structure of the collembolan gut microbiome and decreased the diversity of the gut bacteria. A decline in the firmicutes/bacteroidetes ratio in the antibiotic-treated collembolans may be responsible for the decrease in body weight. Exposure to antibiotics significantly increased the diversity and abundance of ARGs in the collembolan gut. The Mantel test and Procrustes analysis both reveal that ARGs and gut microbiota were significantly correlated with one another (P < 0.05). These results indicate that antibiotics may induce a shift in the gut microbiota of nontarget organisms such as soil collembolans and thereby affect their growth and enrichment of ARGs.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.7b04292