摘要

越来越多的研究指出，地表水和地下水以及土壤隔室中无处不在存在医学残留物。不仅抗生素可以在环境中找到，而且它们的转化产品通常只有很少的信息。细菌对抗生素的抗性发展尤其令人担忧，因为它可能导致卫生和健康问题。有关玻利维亚高原抗生素传播和相关抗性的研究很少。我们提供磺胺甲恶唑（SMX）和甲氧苄啶（TMP）抗生素以及最常见的人SMX转化产物（TP）和磺胺抗性基因发生情况的基线信息。所研究的水和土壤隔室呈现高水平的抗生素污染。研究表明，这种情况主要与处理过的和未处理的废水不受控制的排放有关，因为Titicaca湖中存在抗生素。 SMX TPs在地表水和污水处理厂旁边的土壤中检测到。 SMX抗性基因sulI和sulII在流域水文网络中广泛检测到，即使在未受到抗生素污染的地区也是如此。抗生素和金属抗性共同选择的机制可能涉及ARG在无人类活动且无抗生素污染的原始地区的流行。

An increasing number of studies pointed out the ubiquitous presence of medical residues in surface and ground water as well as in soil compartments. Not only antibiotics can be found in the environment but also their transformation products about which little information is generally available. The development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is particularly worrying as it can lead to sanitary and health problems. Studies about the dissemination of antibiotics and associated resistances in the Bolivian Altiplano are scarce. We provide baseline information on the occurrence of Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and Trimethoprim (TMP) antibiotics as well as on the most common human SMX transformation products (TP) and on the occurrence of sulfonamide resistance genes. The studied water and soil compartments presented high levels of antibiotic pollution. This situation was shown to be mainly linked with uncontrolled discharges of treated and untreated wastewaters, resulting on the presence of antibiotics in the Titicaca Lake. SMX TPs were detected in surface waters and on soil sampled next to the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). SMX resistance genes sulI and sulII were widely detected in the basin hydrological network, even in areas unpolluted with antibiotics. Mechanisms of co-selection of antibiotic- and metal- resistance may be involved in the prevalence of ARG's in pristine areas with no anthropogenic activity and free of antibiotic pollution.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004896971632318X