摘要
      高温短时巴氏灭菌不足以完全消除牛奶中的芽孢杆菌。因此，评估巴氏灭菌牛奶中它们的流行率、表型和遗传抗微生物耐药性是很重要的。在本研究中，我们调查了芽孢杆菌的患病率及其对25种抗菌药物的表型耐药性，以及5种质粒抗菌耐药性基因的患病率。所有分离株均对β-内酰胺类抗生素具有耐药性；大多数分离株对氯霉素敏感（n= 52）、环丙沙星、美罗培南、磺酰胺、四环素和万古霉素（n= 56). 有趣的是，尽管表型磺酰胺和四环素敏感，但在不同的芽孢杆菌物种中检测到了Sul2和tetA基因，这表明这些可移动抗性基因通过巴氏灭菌牛奶进行水平基因转移的潜在风险。
Abstract
High-temperature short-time (HTST) pasteurisation is not sufficient for complete elimination of Bacillus sp. in milk. Hence, it is important to assess their prevalence, phenotypic and genetic antimicrobial resistance profiles in pasteurised milk. In this study, we investigated Bacillus prevalence and their phenotypic resistance to 25 antimicrobials and prevalence of five plasmid antimicrobial resistance genes. All isolates were resistant to β-lactams; most isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol (n = 52), ciprofloxacin, meropenem, sulphonamides, tetracycline and vancomycin (n = 56). Intriguingly, despite phenotypic sulphonamide and tetracycline sensitivity, Sul2 and tetA genes were detected in different Bacillus species, signifying a potential risk of horizontal gene transfer of these mobile resistance genes through pasteurised milk.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1471-0307.12919