摘要
      由于药物在环境中的持续排放和处置，全球病原微生物群落中对某些药物的耐药性正在增加。这一现象导致几个暴露的肠杆菌科物种产生了显著的抗生素耐药性，废水处理厂和河流是重要的蓄水池。尽管抗生素耐药性是一场悲剧，特别是在使用抗生素治疗疾病方面，但表明严重程度、耐药性物种和对这些病原体的分子水平了解的地方和地区研究很少，因此需要立即干预。因此，本研究通过表型和分子方法筛选耐药病原体的基因，调查了污水处理池和接收水中是否存在耐药病原体。在57个分析样本中，发现18个（67%，n=27）克雷伯菌分离株、4个（80%，n=5）变形杆菌分离株、1个（100%，n=1）分离的铜绿假单胞菌和6个（18%，n=34）大肠杆菌对测试的抗生素中的至少1种具有耐药性。大肠杆菌的多药耐药性（MDR）比例比克雷伯菌高83%，克雷伯杆菌为68.5%，铜绿假单胞菌分离株未显示MDR。在20个具有抗生素抗性基因的细菌分离株中，大肠杆菌含有39%，其次是22%的克雷伯菌。这20个分离株中有11个（55%）含有磺酰胺类抗性基因：Sul 1（n=4）和Sul 2（n=7）。10个分离株（50%）含有四环素抗性基因，其中4个分离株显示出Tet A，Tet B–1，5个分离株含有Tet D。在7个分离株中发现了β-内酰胺酶（bla CTX-M和bla SHV）（35%）。这些抗生素耐药性物种在城市接收和废水中的存在，对现有药物无法治愈的疾病传播给人类和动物构成了威胁，危及公共卫生安全。
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance against certain medications in the pathogenic microbial community is globally increasing due to the continual discharge and disposal of pharmaceuticals in the environment. The phenomenon resulted in significant antibiotic resistance among several exposed Enterobacteriaceae species, with wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and rivers serving as significant reservoirs. Despite antibiotic resistance being a tragedy, particularly in treating diseases by using antibiotics, local and regional studies indicating the severity, resistant species and the molecular level insight into these pathogens are scarce, thus requiring immediate intervention. This study, therefore, investigated wastewater from wastewater treatment ponds and receiving waters for the presence of resistant pathogens through phenotypical and molecular approach screening of their genes. Among the 57 analyzed samples, 18 (67%, n = 27) isolates of Klebsiella spp.., 4 (80%, n = 5) isolates of Proteus spp., 1 (100%, n = 1) of isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 6 (18%, n = 34) of E. coli found were resistant to at least 1 among the tested antibiotics. E. coli had an 83% higher proportion of multi-drug resistance (MDR) than Klebsiella spp.., which had 68.5%, and no MDR was shown by P. aeruginosa isolates. Among the 20 bacterial isolates of antibiotic-resistant genes, showed that E. coli harboured 39%, followed by 22% of Klebsiella spp. Eleven (11) isolates of these 20 (55%) contained sulphonamides resistant genes: Sul 1 (n = 4) and Sul 2 (n = 7). Ten (10) isolates (50%) contained the tetracycline-resistant genes in which 4 isolates showed the Tet A, Tet B – 1 and 5 isolates contained Tet D. β-lactamases (bla CTX-M and bla SHV) were found in 7 isolates (35%). The existence of these antibiotic-resistant species in the urban receiving and wastewater presents a threat of transmission of diseases to humans and animals that are not cured by the existing medications, jeopardizing public health safety.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590182622000145