摘要
      沙门氏菌是食源性感染的主要原因之一，可引起细菌性食源性疾病。我们调查了2013年至2018年间从中国贵州临床标本中采集的人类沙门氏菌分离株的血清型分布、多药耐药性（MDR）和β-内酰胺酶耐药性基因。从17家监测医院的临床标本中共收集到363株沙门氏菌分离株。滑动凝集试验鉴定出24种血清型。肠炎沙门氏菌（33.9%）、沙门氏菌4、[5]、12:i:-（24.0%）、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、伦敦沙门氏菌和德比沙门氏菌为前五大血清型。2018年，最常见的血清型从肠炎沙门氏菌变为鼠伤寒沙门氏菌。在363个沙门氏菌分离株中，97.5%的分离株对至少一类抗菌剂具有耐药性。对于头孢菌素类药物，头孢曲松的耐药率最高，为10.5%，头孢吡肟和头孢西丁的耐药率分别为8.0%和2.2%。301株（82.9%）沙门氏菌表现出耐多药耐药性。沙门氏菌4、[5]、12:i:-的耐多药耐药率最高，为94.2%，其次是伦敦沙门氏菌（91.3%）和鼠伤寒沙门氏杆菌（88.1%）。2013年至2017年，贵州沙门氏菌的多药耐药性从75.8%上升到86.7%。16株（4.4%）表现出广泛耐药性。共发现134种抗微生物耐药性模式。241株（66.4%）分离株携带至少一种β-内酰胺酶抗性基因。blaTEM基因（61.2%）是所有沙门氏菌分离株中最普遍的耐药基因，其次是blaCTX-M基因（6.1%）和blaOXA-1基因（4.1%）。因此，应进一步加强对临床患者耐多药沙门氏菌分离株的系统和长期监测。
Abstract
Salmonella, one of the major causes of foodborne infections, can cause bacterial foodborne illness. We investigated the serotype distribution, multidrug resistance (MDR), and β-lactamase resistance genes of human Salmonella isolates collected from clinical specimens in Guizhou, China, between 2013 and 2018. A total of 363 Salmonella isolates were collected from clinical specimens at 17 surveillance hospitals. Twenty-four serotypes were identified by sliding agglutination test. S. Enteritidis (33.9%), Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- (24.0%), S. Typhimurium (16.3%), S. London (6.3%), and S. Derby (3.9%) were the top five serotypes. In 2018, the most common serotype changed from S. Enteritidis to S. Typhimurium. Among the 363 Salmonella isolates, 97.5% of isolates were resistant to at least one class of antimicrobial agents. For cephalosporins, ceftriaxone had the highest resistance rate of 10.5%, and cefepime and cefoxitin were 8.0% and 2.2%, respectively. Three hundred and one (82.9%) Salmonella isolates showed MDR. Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- had the highest MDR rate with 94.2%, followed by S. London (91.3%) and S. Typhimurium (88.1%). Multidrug resistance rates of Salmonella isolates in Guizhou from 2013 to 2017 increased from 75.8% to 86.7%. Sixteen isolates (4.4%) showed extensive drug resistance. One hundred thirty-four antimicrobial resistance patterns were found. Two hundred and forty-one (66.4%) isolates carried at least one β-lactamase resistance gene. The blaTEM gene (61.2%) was the most prevalent resistant gene in all Salmonella isolates, followed by the blaCTX-M gene (6.1%) and blaOXA-1 gene (4.1%). Our findings showed that the MDR rate of Salmonella isolates from Guizhou province increased year by year. Therefore, systematic and long-term surveillance on MDR Salmonella isolates from clinical patients should be further strengthened.

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0282254