摘要
      类似饮食的摄入导致了不同系统发育动物肠道微生物组成和功能的趋同。然而，考虑到肠道微生物组的功能冗余，目前尚不清楚它们的功能是否只同步，而不是在它们的组成中同步，即使是在食用类似饮食的系统发育接近的动物中也是如此。在这项研究中，我们在2021年4月（食物供应前）和2021年6月和12月（食物提供后）从Rhinoopithecus roxellana种群中收集了新鲜粪便样本，并使用高通量测序方法（全长16S rRNA基因测序和宏基因组）来研究食物供应引起的肠道微生物组的变化。结合我们之前对野生鼻古猿种群的研究结果，我们发现人工食物（如苹果、胡萝卜和花生）会影响肠道微生物组，并且在这两个鼻古猿物种中，只有其功能和抗生素抗性基因群落发生同步，反映了其生态功能的冗余。鉴于目前的发现（例如，益生菌的耗竭、肠道微生物群落的微生态失调以及抗生素耐药性基因谱的变化），人为干扰（例如，食物供应）将对宿主健康产生潜在的负面影响。因此，应该从肠道微生物多样性的角度重新思考人类在动物保护方面的活动。
Abstract
The consumption of similar diets has led to the convergence of gut microbial compositions and functions across phylogenetically distinct animals. However, given the functional redundancy in gut microbiomes, it remains unclear whether synchrony occurs in their functions only and not in their composition, even within phylogenetically close animals consuming a similar diet. In this study, we collected fresh fecal samples from a Rhinopithecus roxellana population in April 2021 (before food provisioning) and June and December 2021 (after food provisioning) and used high-throughput sequencing methods (full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomes) to investigate changes in the gut microbiome due to food provisioning. Combining the results from our previous studies on a wild Rhinopithecus bieti population, we found that the artificial food provisions (e.g., apples, carrots, and peanuts) affected the gut microbiome, and synchrony occurred only in its functions and antibiotic resistance gene community in both Rhinopithecus species, reflecting its ecological functional redundancy. Given the current findings (e.g., depletion in probiotic microbes, dysbiosis in the gut microbial community, and changes in the antibiotic resistance gene profile), anthropogenic disturbances (e.g., food provisioning) would have potential negative effects on host health. Therefore, human activity in animal conservation should be rethought from the standpoint of gut microbial diversity.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969722070577