摘要
      土壤污染是严重的全球威胁之一，给环境和人类带来了风险。污染物在土壤中积累的主要原因是人为活动和一些自然过程。有几种类型的土壤污染物会恶化人类生活质量和动物健康。它们是难降解的碳氢化合物、金属、抗生素、持久性有机化合物、杀虫剂和不同种类的塑料。由于土壤中存在的污染物对人类生活和生态系统的有害特性，如致癌、基因毒性和诱变效应，建议采用替代有效的方法来降解污染物。生物修复是一种利用植物、微生物和真菌对污染物进行生物降解的有效且廉价的方法。随着新的检测方法的出现，不同生态系统中土壤污染物的识别和降解变得容易起来。宏基因组方法有助于识别不可培养的微生物，并探索不同污染物的巨大生物修复潜力。宏基因组学是研究受污染或污染土地中微生物负荷及其在生物修复中作用的有力工具。此外，可以研究污染地区发现的病原体、抗生素和金属抗性基因的负面生态系统和健康影响。此外，生物技术和可持续农业实践中涉及的新化合物/基因/蛋白质的鉴定可以通过宏基因组学的整合来进行。
ABSTRACT
Soil pollution is one of the serious global threats causing risk to environment and humans. The major cause of accumulation of pollutants in soil are anthropogenic activities and some natural processes. There are several types of soil pollutants which deteriorate the quality of human life and animal health. They are recalcitrant hydrocarbon compounds, metals, antibiotics, persistent organic compounds, pesticides and different kinds of plastics. Due to the detrimental properties of pollutants present in soil on human life and ecosystem such as carcinogenic, genotoxic and mutagenic effects, alternate and effective methods to degrade the pollutants are recommended. Bioremediation is an effective and inexpensive method of biological degradation of pollutants using plants, microorganisms and fungi. With the advent of new detection methods, the identification and degradation of soil pollutants in different ecosystems were made easy. Metagenomic approaches are a boon for the identification of unculturable microorganisms and to explore the vast bioremediation potential for different pollutants. Metagenomics is a power tool to study the microbial load in polluted or contaminated land and its role in bioremediation. In addition, the negative ecosystem and health effect of pathogens, antibiotic and metal resistant genes found in the polluted area can be studied. Also, the identification of novel compounds/genes/proteins involved in the biotechnology and sustainable agriculture practices can be performed with the integration of metagenomics.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02648725.2023.2186330