摘要

细菌对传统抗菌药的耐药性的演变是一个广泛记录的现象，对公共卫生有重大影响。然而，细菌也产生了大量的天然抗菌剂，据推测是为了杀死竞争物种。细菌素是一类常见的基于蛋白质的抗菌剂，已被证明在细菌群落的生态和进化中具有重要作用。相对于抗生素耐药性的演变，对于这些有毒化合物的新抗性如何演变知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们提出的结果表明，虽然抵抗能够发展，但仍然严重依赖于环境背景。当铁存在时，抗细菌素，特别是脓毒素S2易于演变，但当铁限制时，则更少，因为在铁限制期间，该脓毒素的受体也是铁吸收所需的。这表明，尽管细菌素耐药性可以轻易发展，但环境条件将决定如何以及何时发生耐药性。

The evolution of bacterial resistance to conventional antimicrobials is a widely documented phenomenon with gravely important consequences for public health. However, bacteria also produce a vast repertoire of natural antimicrobials, presumably in order to kill competing species. Bacteriocins are a common class of protein-based antimicrobials that have been shown to have an important role in the ecology and evolution of bacterial communities. Relative to the evolution of antibiotic resistance, little is known about how novel resistance to these toxic compounds evolves. In this study, we present results illustrating that, although resistance is able to evolve, it remains critically dependent on the environmental context. Resistance to bacteriocins, in particular the pyocin S2, evolves readily when iron is present but less so when iron is limiting, because the receptor for this pyocin is also required for iron uptake during iron limitation. This suggests that although resistance to bacteriocins can easily evolve, environmental conditions will determine how and when resistance occurs.

https://www.nature.com/articles/ismej201615