摘要

现代世界抗生素耐药性的普遍存在引起了全球对公共健康的关注。建立抗生素使用和抗生素抗性基因（ARG）之间的关系对于理解ARG在受人类影响的环境中的传播和积累至关重要。在这项研究中，使用宏基因组方法分析来自牛蛙农场的沉积物中的ARG概况，其中青霉素和阿莫西林（β-内酰胺类）和庆大霉素（氨基糖苷类）用于预防目的。对细胞外和细胞内DNA（eDNA和iDNA）的分析表明，使用上述抗生素导致ARG的复杂污染，不仅与β-内酰胺类和氨基糖苷类有关，而且与磺胺类，四环素类和大环内酯类有关。来自牛蛙养殖场的沉积物中的大多数ARG可能由质粒携带。在ARG相关质粒的总丰度与携带质粒的ARG的总丰度之间观察到显着相关性。可能存在于牛蛙养殖场沉积物中的大约85％的质粒具有至少3种ARG亚型，这赋予细菌宿主对不同抗生素类别的抗性。我们的研究结果表明，由于质粒中ARG的同时存在，抗生素可能导致与给药无关的ARG的复杂污染。

The prevalence of antibiotic resistance in the modern world has raised global concerns for public health. Establishing relationships between antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is essential to understanding the dissemination and accumulation of ARGs in a human-impacted environment. In this study, ARG profiles in the sediments from a bullfrog farm, where penicillin and amoxicillin (beta-lactams) and gentamicin (aminoglycoside) were used for prophylactic purposes, were analyzed using metagenomic approaches. Analysis of both extracellular and intracellular DNA (eDNA and iDNA) demonstrated that use of the above-mentioned antibiotics led to complex pollution of ARGs not only related to beta-lactams and aminoglycoside but also to sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and macrolides. Most of the ARGs in the sediments from the bullfrog farm were likely carried by plasmids. A significant correlation was observed between the total abundance of ARG-related plasmids and that of plasmid-carrying ARGs. Approximately 85% of the plasmids likely present in the sediment from the bullfrog farm possessed at least 3 ARG subtypes, which conferred the resistance of bacterial hosts to different antibiotic categories. Our results suggest that antibiotics could lead to complex pollution of ARGs unrelated to those administered due to the concurrence of ARGs in the plasmids.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043135418301027