摘要

动物粪便中的抗生素抗性基因（ARG）是环境问题，因为天然存在的细菌暴露于这些废物并且产生多药抗性。用蝇幼虫对粪便进行生物转化是回收这些废物同时减弱ARG的有前景的替代方法。我们研究了黑蝇（BSF，Hermetia illucens）鸡粪幼虫生物转化对相关ARG持久性的影响。与传统的堆肥或不育幼虫处理（48.4％或88.7％）相比，非灭菌BSF幼虫处理在12天内有效降低了ARG和整合素基因的含量95.0％，因为基因和相关细菌的浓度迅速下降。它们通过幼虫肠道并受到肠道微生物的影响。在幼虫处理后，细菌群落组成显着不同，可能携带ARG的厚壁菌门的百分比降低了65.5％或更多。平均而言，人类致病菌数量下降了70.7-92.9％，有效降低了这些携带ARG的细菌的风险。环境pH，氮含量和抗生素浓度与幼虫系统中的细菌群落组成和靶向基因衰减密切相关。具有肠道微生物，幼虫抑菌和由幼虫消化引起的粪便重新形成的幼虫肠道环境的选择压力导致ARG衰减。

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in animal manure are an environmental concern due to naturally occurring bacteria being exposed to these wastes and developing multidrug resistance. The bioconversion of manure with fly larvae is a promising alternative for recycling these wastes while attenuating ARGs. We investigated the impact of black soldier fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens) larval bioconversion of chicken manure on the persistence of associated ARGs. Compared to traditional composting or sterile larval treatments (by 48.4% or 88.7%), non-sterile BSF larval treatments effectively reduced ARGs and integrin genes amount by 95.0% during 12 days, due to rapid decreases in concentrations of the genes and associated bacteria as they passed through the larval gut and were effected by intestinal microbes. After larval treatments, bacterial community composition differed significantly with the percentage of Firmicutes possibly carrying ARGs reduced by 65.5% or more. On average, human pathogenic bacteria populations declined by 70.7-92.9%, effectively mitigating risks of these bacteria carrying ARGs. Environmental pH, nitrogen content, and antibiotic concentrations were closely related to both bacterial community composition and targeted gene attenuation in larval systems. Selective pressures of larval gut environments with intestinal microbes, larval bacteriostasis, and reformulation of manure due to larval digestion contributed to ARGs attenuation. 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30318817