摘要

人类和水环境之间的抗生素抗性基因（ARG）和微生物群的传播途径很难表征。在这里，我们使用高通量qPCR分析和16S rRNA基因测序来检查来自中国村庄的健康人和相关水环境中抗生素抗性基因和微生物群的发生和丰度。人类携带最多样化的ARG组合，检测到234种不同的ARG。粪便，皮肤和生活污水处理系统出水中ARG的总丰度比河流样本中的丰度高约23倍，2倍和7倍。在农村污水处理系统的进水和出水中，以及在污水释放点的下游，也可以发现人类粪便中存在的53种ARG和28种细菌属。我们通过网络分析确定了与ARG显着相关的细菌类群（P <0.01，r> 0.8），支持这些细菌可以携带一些ARG并在人类和环境之间转移的观点。对人类和水环境中的ARG和微生物群的分析有助于确定这些环境中抗生素抗性的传播途径和动态。该研究强调了人类对ARG负荷进入环境的贡献，并提出了防止此类传播的方法。

The transmission routes for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and microbiota between humans and water environments is poorly characterized. Here, we used high-throughput qPCR analyses and 16S rRNA gene sequencing to examine the occurrence and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes and microbiota in both healthy humans and associated water environments from a Chinese village. Humans carried the most diverse assemblage of ARGs, with 234 different ARGs being detected. The total abundance of ARGs in feces, on skin, and in the effluent from domestic sewage treatment systems were approximately 23, 2, and 7 times higher than their abundance in river samples. In total, 53 ARGs and 28 bacteria genera that were present in human feces could also be found in the influent and effluent of rural sewage treatment systems, and also downstream of the effluent release point. We identified the bacterial taxa that showed a significant association with ARGs (P < 0.01, r > 0.8) by network analysis, supporting the idea that these bacteria could carry some ARGs and transfer between humans and the environment. Analysis of ARGs and microbiota in humans and in water environments helps to define the transmission routes and dynamics of antibiotic resistance within these environments. This study highlights human contribution to the load of ARGs into the environment and suggests means to prevent such dissemination.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30420129