摘要

猪废物是微生物污染物的储存库，包括病原体，抗生素抗性基因（ARG）和抗生素抗性细菌（ARB）;因此，用猪粪便施肥的土壤是从集中养猪场向公众传播微生物污染物的重要途径。为了合理利用猪粪便的间隔时间，研究土壤类型对微生物污染物和抗生素抗性的影响，采用从南，西北和东北采集的三种典型土壤，腐殖酸，枸杞和组织溶胶进行盆栽试验。中国（土壤-R，土壤-Y和土壤-B）。用猪浆，消化物和化学肥料对土壤进行修正，然后进行172天。应用消化物对土壤微生物污染物和抗生素抗性的影响与化肥相似，而猪粪对土壤的危害较大。具有最高有机质和中性pH的土壤B受猪粪改良的影响最小。 tetG，tetM和ermF是浆液处理土壤中的持久性ARGs，它们的衰变速率符合土壤-B>土壤-Y>土壤-R的顺序的一级动力学。推定的病原体与ARG显示出强烈的相关性，表明存在传播风险。最初的43-82天是泥浆处理土壤中微生物污染的活跃期，在此期间重金属，水分含量，总有机碳和微生物群落是导致抗生素抗性变化的关键因素。在ARG活跃期，应延长牲畜粪便的施肥间隔。

Swine waste is a reservoir of microbial pollutants, including pathogens, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB); therefore, soil fertilized with swine waste is an essential pathway for the dissemination of microbial pollutants from concentrated swine farms to the public. To rationalize the intervals of swine wastes application and investigate the effects of soil type on the occurrences of microbial pollutants and antibiotic resistance, pot experiments were conducted with three typical soils, humic acrisol, calcaric cambisols and histosols, being collected from south, northwest and northeast China (soil-R, soil-Y and soil-B, respectively). The soils were amended with swine slurry, digestate and chemical fertilizers and then conducted for 172 days. The influence of microbial pollutants and antibiotic resistance in soil posed by digestate application was similar to that of the chemical fertilizers, while swine slurry posed high risks to the soil. Soil-B which had the highest organic matter and neutral pH was least influenced by the swine slurry amendment. tetG, tetM and ermF were persistent ARGs in the slurry treated soil, and their decay rates fitted to first-order kinetics in the order soil-B> soil-Y > soil-R. Putative pathogens showed strong correlations with ARGs, suggesting a risk of dissemination. The initial 43-82 days was the active phase of microbial pollution in slurry treated soil, during which time heavy metals, moisture content, total organic carbon and the microbial community were key factors contributing to changes in antibiotic resistance. Fertilization intervals of livestock wastes should be lengthened over the ARG active phase.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30448505