摘要

由于存在抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）和残留抗生素，抗生素发酵残留物在中国被归类为危险废物如何治疗和管理这些废物是一项新挑战。本文研究了使用电离辐射技术处理硫氰酸红霉素发酵（EryTcF）残留物以从发酵残留物中去除ARG和抗生素。结果显示，随着EryTcF残基暴露于γ辐射，4种大环内酯类抗性基因（ereA，ermB，mefA和mpfB）的丰度下降1.0-1.3 log，去除率为90-95％，红霉素的去除率约为56％。吸收剂量为30kGy，室温（19-22°C）。 γ射线辐射的直接作用导致42-53％的ARG去除，间接作用（自由基反应）主要负责去除红霉素（84％）。观察到总ARG与Shannon指数之间的正相关。潜在的ARGs连锁宿主被分配到气单胞菌属和肠杆菌科，并且它们的丰度在30kGy下降低了36-43％。辐射对蛋白质含量等残留物的营养成分影响不明显，表明辐射处理的发酵残渣可作为肥料，有利于抗生素制药厂循环经济的发展。该结果可为抗生素发酵残留物的可持续管理提供新的见解。

Antibiotic fermentative residues are categorized into hazardous wastes in China due to the existence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and residual antibiotics How to treat and manage these wastes is a new challenge. This paper investigated the treatment of erythromycin thiocyanate fermentation (EryTcF) residues using ionizing radiation technology for removing ARGs and antibiotics from the fermentation residues. The results showed that as exposed the EryTcF residues to gamma radiation, the abundance of four macrolide resistance genes (ereA, ermB, mefA and mpfB) decreased 1.0-1.3 log with 90-95% removal, and around 56% of erythromycin was removed at absorbed dose of 30 kGy and room temperature (19-22 °C). Direct action of γ-ray radiation contributed to 42-53% of ARGs removal and indirect action (radicals' reaction) was mainly responsible for erythromycin removal (84%). The positive correlation between total ARGs and Shannon index was observed. The potential ARGs-linked hosts were assigned to genera Aeromonas and Enterobacteriaceae and their abundance decreased by 36-43% at 30 kGy. Radiation has not obvious influence on the nutrient components of residues, such as protein content, suggesting that the radiation treated fermentative residues can be used as fertilizer, which is favorable for the development of recycling economy in antibiotic pharmaceutical factory. The results could provide a new insight into a sustainable management of antibiotic fermentative residuals.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30472560