摘要

水生生态系统的微观塑料污染是一个高度优先的研究课题，而陆地生态系统的问题却被广泛忽视。与此同时，人类影响的陆地生态系统，如农业生态系统，可能会受到塑料碎片的污染。但是，目前还没有确定这种污染的程度。通过傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）分析，我们首次量化了德国东南部农业农田的宏观和微观污染。我们发现每公顷有206个大颗粒碎片，每公斤干重土壤有0.34±0.36个微塑料颗粒。通常，聚乙烯是最常见的聚合物类型，其次是聚苯乙烯和聚丙烯。薄膜和碎片是微塑料的主要类别，而主要是用于宏观塑料的薄膜。由于我们故意选择一个研究地点，从未使用含微塑料的肥料和农用塑料应用，我们的研究结果报告了仅接受传统农业处理的场地的塑料污染。然而，在应用农业塑料应用（如温室，覆盖物或青贮饲料薄膜）或含塑料肥料（污水污泥，生物垃圾堆肥）的地区，污染可能更高。因此，需要进一步研究这种污染的程度，特别是不同的种植方法。

Microplastic contamination of aquatic ecosystems is a high priority research topic, whereas the issue on terrestrial ecosystems has been widely neglected. At the same time, terrestrial ecosystems under human influence, such as agroecosystems, are likely to be contaminated by plastic debris. However, the extent of this contamination has not been determined at present. Via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, we quantified for the first time the macro- and microplastic contamination on an agricultural farmland in southeast Germany. We found 206 macroplastic pieces per hectare and 0.34 ± 0.36 microplastic particles per kilogram dry weight of soil. In general, polyethylene was the most common polymer type, followed by polystyrene and polypropylene. Films and fragments were the dominating categories found for microplastics, whereas predominantly films were found for macroplastics. Since we intentionally chose a study site where microplastic-containing fertilizers and agricultural plastic applications were never used, our findings report on plastic contamination on a site which only receives conventional agricultural treatment. However, the contamination is probably higher in areas where agricultural plastic applications, like greenhouses, mulch, or silage films, or plastic-containing fertilizers (sewage sludge, biowaste composts) are applied. Hence, further research on the extent of this contamination is needed with special regard to different cultivation practices.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30560873