摘要

如今，人们越来越意识到海洋垃圾可能对海洋环境造成的威胁。 该综述描述了与塑料污染有关的主要问题，即不同类型和尺寸的纳米塑料（小于100nm的颗粒）对海洋生物（生产者或消费者）的毒性。 现有数据表明，纳米塑料可能会影响来自不同门的负面生物，报告的影响范围从生殖改变到致死率。 然而，没有发现有关海洋脊椎动物（例如鱼）的信息。 数据显示沿着海洋食物链的生物积累/生物放大的潜力很大，因为它们很容易保留在生物体内。 缺乏纳米塑料检测的标准化方法以及缺乏或不存在的立法使得纳米塑料成为环境挑战。

Nowadays, there is an increased awareness on the threat that marine litter may pose to the marine environment. This review describes the major concerns related to plastic pollution, namely in terms of toxicity of different types and sizes of nanoplastics (particles smaller than 100 nm) to marine organisms, either producers or consumers. The available data show that nanoplastics may affect negatively organisms from different phyla with reported effects ranging from alterations in reproduction to lethality. Nevertheless, no information regarding marine vertebrates (e.g., fish) was found. Data show a high potential for bioaccumulation/biomagnification along marine food chains, since they can easily be retained inside organisms. The lack of standardized methodology for nanoplastics detection and the poor or inexistent legislation makes nanoplastics an environmental challenge.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30685594