摘要

环境中纳米塑料污染的负荷越来越大，已成为人类和环境安全的主要关注点。目前的调查主要集中在评估纳米塑料（聚苯乙烯纳米球（PNS））对血细胞和海洋甲壳类动物的毒性行为。该研究还研究了不同水基质下PNS的时间稳定性及其在海水分散中的尺寸依赖性沉降行为。 PNS 1的纳米色散平均粒径分别为561.4±0.80和613.7±0.11 nm，48 h孵化后，PNS 2在湖泊和海水中的平均粒径分别为781.4±0.80和913.7±0.11 nm，约为8倍从原来的大小增加。对于PNS 1和PNS 2，发现针对卤虫盐和淋巴细胞的LC50值分别为4.82和8.79μg/ mL，以及75μg/ mL。基因毒性研究显示，50％的PNS在50％时受到影响。 μg/ mL浓度，而对RBC和淋巴细胞的细胞毒性研究仅在100μg/ mL浓度下显示50％毒性。遗传毒性研究显示了许多三核和多核细胞。暴露于致死浓度的A.salina的生物化学特征表明，由于PNS渗透到组织，总蛋白，还原型谷胱甘肽和过氧化氢酶活性显着降低并且脂质过氧化活性增加。总之，本研究表明，聚苯乙烯纳米球在环境中是新兴的污染物，对人类有害。

The increasing load of nanoplastic pollution in the environment has become a major concern toward human and environmental safety. The current investigation mainly focused on assessing the toxic behavior of nanoplastics (polystyrene nano-spheres (PNS)) toward blood cells and marine crustacean. The study also investigated the temporal stability of PNS under different water matrices and its size-dependent sedimentation behavior in the sea water dispersion. The nano-dispersion showed mean particle size of 561.4 ± 0.80 and 613.7 ± 0.11 nm for PNS 1 and 781.4 ± 0.80 and 913.7 ± 0.11 nm for PNS 2 in lake and seawater, respectively after 48-h incubation, which is ~ 8-fold increase from its original size. The LC50 value against Artemia salina and lymphocytes were found to be 4.82 and 8.79 μg/mL, and 75 μg/mL, respectively for PNS 1 and PNS 2. The genotoxic study reveals that around 50% of lymphocytes were affected by both PNS at 50 μg/mL concentration, whereas the cytotoxic studies on RBC and lymphocytes showed 50% toxicity only at 100 μg/mL concentration. The genotoxic study displayed numerous tri- and multi-nucleated cells. The biochemical profile of A. salina exposed to lethal concentration demonstrated a significant decrease in the total protein, reduced glutathione, and catalase activity and increase in lipid peroxidation activity as a result of PNS permeation to tissues. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the polystyrene nano-spheres are emerging pollutant in the environment and are hazardous to humans.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30430449