摘要

这项研究通过直接暴露在淡水生态系统中研究了荧光纳米尺寸聚苯乙烯塑料（纳米塑料）的营养转移，个体影响和胚胎摄取，食物链包含四种物种。将莱茵衣藻（Chlamydomonas reinhardtii），水蚤（Daphnia magna），次级消费鱼Oryzias sinensis和最终消费者鱼Zacco temminckii用作试验品种。在营养转移试验中，将藻类暴露于50mg / L纳米塑料，定义为直径<100nm的塑料颗粒;较高的营养级生物通过他们的饮食暴露。在直接暴露试验中，每个物种直接暴露于纳米塑料。显微镜分析证实纳米塑料粘附于初级生产者的表面并存在于较高营养级物种的消化器官中。纳米塑料还对鱼类活动产生负面影响，通过行进距离和覆盖面积来衡量，并诱导直接暴露的鱼肝脏的组织病理学变化。另外，纳米塑料穿透胚胎壁并且存在于孵化的幼体的卵黄囊中。这些观察结果清楚地表明，纳米塑料很容易通过食物链转移，尽管由于实验剂量高。然而，结果强烈指出纳米塑料暴露的潜在健康风险。

This study investigated the trophic transfer, individual impact, and embryonic uptake of fluorescent nano-sized polystyrene plastics (nanoplastics) through direct exposure in a freshwater ecosystem, with a food chain containing four species. The alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, water flea Daphnia magna, secondary-consumer fish Oryzias sinensis, and end-consumer fish Zacco temminckii were used as test species. In the trophic transfer test, algae were exposed to 50 mg/L nanoplastics, defined as plastic particles <100 nm in diameter; higher trophic level organisms were exposed through their diet. In the direct exposure test, each species was directly exposed to nanoplastics. Microscopic analysis confirmed that the nanoplastics adhered to the surface of the primary producer and were present in the digestive organs of the higher trophic level species. Nanoplastics also negatively affected fish activity, as measured by distance traveled and area covered, and induced histopathological changes in the livers of fish that were directly exposed. Additionally, nanoplastics penetrated the embryo walls and were present in the yolk sac of hatched juveniles. These observations clearly show that nanoplastics are easily transferred through food chain, albeit because of high experimental dosages. Nevertheless, the results strongly point to the potential health risks of nanoplastic exposure.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29321604