摘要

来自纺织品风化和洗涤的微弹性纤维（MP）越来越多地被认为是环境污染物。大多数关于微塑料的生物利用度和效果的研究主要集中在小型聚苯乙烯球形塑料颗粒上，而纤维和聚苯乙烯以外的其他材料的数据较少。我们研究了48小时暴露后的淡水浮游动物甲壳动物大型蚤的研磨聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）纺织微纤维（长度范围：62-1400μm，宽度31-528μm，厚度1-21.5μm）的摄取和影响在MP游离培养基和藻类中恢复24小时。 D. magna的大部分摄入纤维约为300μm，但在肠道内也发现了一些1400μm左右的非常大的扭曲MP纤维。暴露于这些纤维导致48小时后水蚤的死亡率增加，仅在实验前水蚤未预先喂食藻类的情况下，但在实验前喂食水蚤没有发现效果。无论进食方式如何，在含有藻类的MP游离培养基中再孵育24小时后，水蚤无法从MP暴露中恢复。 PET纺织品MP对D. magna的吸收和作用首次在此呈现。

Microplastic fibers (MP) from textile weathering and washing are increasingly being recognized as environmental pollutants. The majority of studies on the bioavailability and effects of microplastic focused on small polystyrene spherical plastic particles, while less data are available for fibers and for other materials besides polystyrene. We investigated the ingestion and effects of ground polyethylene terephthalate (PET) textile microfibers (length range: 62-1400 μm, width 31-528 μm, thickness 1-21.5 μm) on the freshwater zooplankton crustacean Daphnia magna after a 48 h exposure and subsequent 24 h of recovery in MP free medium and algae. The majority of ingested fibers by D. magna were around 300 μm, but also some very large twisted MP fibers around 1400 μm were found inside the gut. Exposure to these fibers results in increased mortality of daphnids after 48 h only in the case where daphnids were not pre-fed with algae prior to experiment, but no effect was found when daphnids were fed before the experiments. Regardless of the feeding regime, daphnids were not able to recover from MP exposure after additional 24 h incubation period in a MP free medium with algae. The uptake and effects of PET textile MP on D. magna are presented here for the first time.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27814536