摘要

微塑料被定义为<5mm的塑料碎片，它们存在于海洋中，它们可以影响生态系统。一旦在海水中释放，微塑料由于其尺寸小而可以被生物体内化，而且它们还可以浸出塑料制造中使用的几种添加剂，例如增塑剂，阻燃剂等，从而对生物群产生毒性。本研究的目的是测试具有三种不同颜色的微粉化PVC产品对Paracentrotus lividus胚胎的毒性。特别是，我们评估了微粉化塑料和微塑料沥滤液的影响。结果显示暴露于低浓度微粉化塑料的plutei幼虫长度减少，并且暴露于最高剂量的海胆胚胎中的幼虫发育阻滞。维珍PVC聚合物对P. lividus胚胎没有毒性，同时观察到由于培养基中的浸出物质引起的明显的毒性作用。特别是，暴露于渗滤液后，在受精后立即诱发发育停滞或在plutei中形态改变。最后，具有不同颜色的PVC产品显示出不同的毒性，可能是由于着色剂中存在不同含量和/或重金属的组合。

Microplastics are defined as plastic fragments <5 mm, and they are found in the ocean where they can impact on the ecosystem. Once released in seawater, microplastics can be internalized by organisms due to their small size, moreover they can also leach out several additives used in plastic manufacturing, such as plasticizers, flame retardants, etc., resulting toxic for biota. The aim of this study was to test the toxicity of micronized PVC products with three different colors, upon Paracentrotus lividus embryos. In particular, we assessed the effects of micronized plastics and microplastic leachates. Results showed a decrease of larval length in plutei exposed to low concentrations of micronized plastics, and a block of larval development in sea urchin embryos exposed to the highest dose. Virgin PVC polymer did not result toxic on P. lividus embryos, while an evident toxic effect due to leached substances in the medium was observed. In particular, the exposure to leachates induced a development arrest immediately after fertilization or morphological alterations in plutei. Finally, PVC products with different colors showed different toxicity, probably due to a different content and/or combination of heavy metals present in coloring agents.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30721861