摘要

抗生素抗性的传播是全世界人类健康的挑战，其已经引起了对抗性基因减少的极大关注。为了解它们在不同治疗过程中的发生，本研究中有四类抗生素（四环素类，磺胺类，喹诺酮类和大环内酯类），八类抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）（tetB，tetW，sul1，sul2，gyrA，qepA，ermB，和ermF）和两个移动元素（int1和int2）在典型的制药厂中进行了研究。在处理过程中检测到抗生素的总浓度在2.6×102到2.5×103ng / L的范围内，并且在生物处理单元中检测到高丰度的ARG。动态趋势分析显示抗生素在厌氧/好氧过程中被部分去除，其中ARG增殖。 tetB和gyrA基因的丰度与pH和EC呈正相关（p <0.05），tetW，sul1和sul2基因与TOC，TN和DO显着相关（p <0.05），表明理化性质的影响关于ARG亚型水平的解决方案。系统发育分析表明，tetW克隆与一些致病微生物具有高度同源性，如肺炎克雷伯氏菌和脑膜炎奈瑟菌，这些都会威胁人类健康。结果表明水平转移是ARGs演化的主要驱动因素。

The propagation of antibiotic resistance is a challenge for human health worldwide, which has drawn much attention on the reduction of the resistance genes. To understand their occurrence during different treatment processes, in this study, four classes of antibiotics (tetracyclines, sulfonamides, quinolones, and macrolides), eight antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) (tetB, tetW, sul1, sul2, gyrA, qepA, ermB, and ermF), and two mobile elements (int1 and int2) were investigated in a typical pharmaceutical plant. The total concentrations of antibiotics were detected in the range of 2.6 × 102 to 2.5 × 103 ng/L in the treatment processes, and the high abundance of ARGs was detected in the biological treatment unit. The dynamic trend analysis showed that antibiotics were partially removed in the anaerobic/aerobic processes, where ARGs were proliferated. The abundance of tetB and gyrA genes was positively correlated with pH and EC (p < 0.05), and the tetW, sul1 and sul2 genes were significantly correlated with TOC, TN, and DO (p < 0.05), indicating the influence of physicochemical properties of the solution on the levels of ARG subtypes. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the tetW clones had high homology with some pathogenic microorganisms, such as Klebsiella pneumonia and Neisseria meningitides, which would threaten human health. Results indicated that the horizontal transfer acted as a major driver in the ARGs evolution.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-018-2913-2