摘要

     污水处理厂（WWTPs）是抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）的研究热点，对环境构成了重大威胁。因此，污水处理厂对ARG的去除效果至关重要。本研究以常规活性污泥（CAS）、生物脱氮（BNR）、序批式反应器（SBR）、膜生物反应器（MBR）、包装膜生物反应器（MBR）和带有凝结絮凝和紫外线消毒装置的污水处理厂为研究对象，探讨了它们对16s rDNA和7种ARGs包括分别对应于常用抗生素氨基糖苷类、β-内酰胺类、酰胺醇类、大环内酯类-林可酰胺类-链霉素类、磺胺类-甲氧苄氨嘧啶类、四环素类和喹诺酮类的aadA、blaCTX-M、cmlA、ermB、sul1、tetA和qnrS基因的去除效率。通过定量PCR反应测定了各污水处理厂进出水总基因和ARG的季节性丰度。膜生物反应器和包装膜生物反应器系统的去除率最高，减少了5个对数。季节变化显著影响了BNR和CAS的ARG去除效率（p <0.05）。 BNR在夏季测得的对数减少最低，CAS在秋季和冬季测得的对数减少最低。在CAS污泥处理过程中，基因的丰度在增加。在所有测试的污水处理厂中，ARG的去除率与16s rDNA基因的去除率相关（p>0.05）。结果表明，去除机理不是ARG所特有的。

     Water resources recovery facilities (WWTPs) are hotspots for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and pose a significant threat to environments. Therefore, ARG removal efficiencies of WWTPs are of great importance. In this study, conventional activated sludge (CAS), biological nutrient removal (BNR), sequencing batch reactor (SBR), membrane bioreactor (MBR), package MBR, and WWTP with coagulation–flocculation and UV disinfection units were investigated in terms of their removal efficiencies on overall bacterial genes with 16S rDNA and seven ARGs including the genes aadA, bla_CTX‐M, cmlA, ermB, sul1, tetA, and qnrS corresponding to commonly used antibiotics aminoglycosides, β‐lactams, amphenicols, macrolides–lincosamides–streptogramins, sulfonamides–trimethoprim, tetracyclines, and quinolones, respectively. Seasonal abundance of overall genes and ARGs in influents and effluents of each WWTPs was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Membrane bioreactor and package MBR systems showed the highest removal efficiency up to 5‐log reductions. Seasonal changes affected ARG removal efficiencies of BNR and CAS significantly (p < 0.05). The lowest log reductions were determined in summer for BNR and in both autumn and winter for CAS. The abundance of the genes increased in sludge treatment of CAS. In all WWTPs tested, ARG removal rates were correlated with the 16S rDNA gene removal (p > 0.05). The results elucidated that the removal mechanism was not ARG‐specific.

      https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/wer.1286@10.1002/(ISSN)1554-7531.world-water-day