摘要

     医院废水含有有害的药物残留和传染源的混合物。定性和定量研究表明，医院污水中含有丰富的抗生素、多药耐药菌、抗生素耐药基因和基因载体，这些基因载体有利于基因的水平转移。本章概述了医院废水中细菌耐药性（AMR）监测的现状，并与国内其他废水和自然水环境中的AMR监测研究进行了比较。我们讨论了用于测量AMR污染水平的方法和标准工具，并提供了AMR检测和分析方面的最新进展的见解，这些进展尚未在当前的监测项目中得到重视。

     Hospital effluents contain a hazardous amalgam of drug residues and infectious agents. Qualitative and quantitative evidence shows that hospital effluents are enriched in antibiotics, multidrug-resistant bacteria, antibiotic resistance genes and genetic vectors which could facilitate the horizontal transfer of these genes. This chapter provides an overview of the current status of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance in hospital effluents and draws comparisons to other AMR monitoring studies in domestic wastewaters and natural aquatic environments. We discuss approaches and standard tools that have been used to measure levels of AMR contamination and provide insights to the latest developments in the detection and profiling of AMR which have yet to gain traction in present surveillance programs.

     https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/698_2020_471