摘要

含有兽用抗生素的畜禽粪便是微生物抗药性基因（ARGs）的重要来源。本文探讨了用麦秸和锯末堆肥动物粪便，以降低最终原料中的ARGs负荷。我们研究了环丙沙星、土霉素、磺胺嘧啶对细菌群落组成的影响，以及它们对7个四环素耐药基因（TARG）、4个磺胺类耐药基因（SARG）和2个氟喹诺酮类耐药基因（QARG）的影响。接受环丙沙星或三种混合抗生素的处理降低了细菌α多样性，并且出变形菌门和硬壁菌丰度发生了变化。这说明不同抗生素在细菌群落组成中起着重要作用。此外，随着时间的变化，堆肥理化性质的变化，特别是pH值和温度的变化也与细菌组成密切相关。网络分析表明，在高温阶段，TARGs的降低与假单胞菌、假黄单胞菌、脓疱单胞菌、水族杆菌、尿素芽孢杆菌、赖氨酸杆菌、芽孢杆菌和短杆菌的丢失有关。然而，多重抗生素的存在对QARGs和SARGs的影响更大。我们的研究结果对控制堆肥温度、pH值或畜牧业中使用的抗生素种类，减少某些ARGs的传播具有重要意义。

Animal manure containing veterinary antibiotics is a significant source of microbial antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Composting of animal manure with wheat straw and sawdust was explored as a means to reduce ARGs load in the final material. The effects of ciprofloxacin, oxytetracycline, sulfamerazine on the bacterial community composition, and how this then affected the removal of seven tetracycline resistance genes (TARGs), four sulfonamide resistance genes (SARGs), and two fluoroquinolone resistance genes (QARGs) were investigated. Treatments receiving either ciprofloxacin or the three mixed antibiotics had reduced bacterial alpha-diversity and displayed shifts in the abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. This demonstrated that different antibiotics played an important role in bacterial community composition. Furthermore, variation in the physicochemical properties of compost, particularly pH and temperature, was also strongly linked to shifts in bacterial composition over time. Based on network analysis, the reduction of TARGs were associated with loss of Pseudomonas, Pseudoxanthomonas, Pusillimonas, Aquamicrobium, Ureibacillus, Lysinibacillus, Bacillus and Brachybacterium during the thermophilic stage. However, QARGs and SARGs were more strongly affected by the presence of multiple antibiotics. Our results have important implications for reducing the spread of certain ARGs by controlling the composting temperature, pH or the antibiotics species used in husbandry.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389420300686