摘要

由蓝藻水华引起的抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）和微囊藻毒素（MCs）二次污染已成为全球性的重大问题。这两种污染物同时存在于饮用水处理厂（DWTPs），但它们之间的确切关系需要进一步阐明。本文首先采用高通量实时定量PCR和酶联免疫吸附试验，研究了ARGs和MCs在实际DWTP中的行为。通过现场调查，在实验室条件下研究了MCs对ARGs水平转移的影响，并从细胞和分子水平探讨了其作用机理。MCs可促进ARGs的传播，特别是在相对固定和平稳的环境中。MC-LR是最有效的微囊藻毒素亚型，可以促进接合转移，实验组的接合频率是对照组的25.13倍。MCs通过调控一系列参与接合转移的基因系统，刺激活性氧的形成，增加细胞膜的通透性，影响ARGs的水平转移。本研究可为DWTPs中ARGs和MCs的控制提供理论依据，对饮用水安全的科学评价具有重要意义。

Problems with antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and secondary pollution from microcystins (MCs), caused by cyanobacterial blooms have become significant global issues. These two pollutants co-occur in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs), but the exact relationships between them requires further clarification. Here, a high-throughput quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to investigate the behavior of ARGs and MCs in a practical DWTP in the first place. After the on-site investigation, the effect of MCs on the horizontal transfer of ARGs was studied under laboratory conditions, and mechanisms explored at both cellular and molecular levels. MCs could promote the spread of ARGs, especially in relatively stationary and stable environments such as biofilms. MC-LR was the most efficient microcystin subtype promoting conjugative transfer, which was 25.13 times higher than for the control group. MCs affected the horizontal transfer of ARGs by regulating a series of gene systems involved in conjugative transfer, stimulating the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increasing cell membrane permeability. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the control of ARGs and MCs in DWTPs, which is of great significance for the scientific assessment of drinking water safety.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749119346391