发布者：抗性基因网 时间：2020-03-20 浏览量：618
摘要
2018年8月至2019年6月期间，通过液相色谱-串联质谱法、抗生素抗性基因（包括blaNDM、blaVIM、blaOXA-48、blaKPC、blaGIM、blaSME、，blaIMI，blaIMP，blaSPM，blaSIM，blaOXA-23，blaOXA-24，blaOXA-51，blaOXA-58，mcr）通过定性实时PCR和抗生素耐药菌（属于ESKAPE组（屎肠球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和肠杆菌ssp）。；根据培养方法，对碳青霉烯酶、头孢菌素和大肠杆菌素）和大肠杆菌]具有抗性，随后通过MALDI-TOF MS进行鉴定，并采用微量稀释进行敏感性试验。
污水处理厂下游检测到克拉霉素（高达0.60μg/L）、磺胺甲恶唑（高达0.40μg/L）、甲氧苄啶（高达0.39μg/L）等大环内酯类抗生素残留。此外，除脱水红霉素（n=1，
Between August 2018 and June 2019, a river system in Germany that supplies a drinking water reservoir and is subject to the discharge from two sewage treatment plants was monitored for antibiotic residues via liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, antibiotic resistance genes (including blaNDM, blaVIM, blaOXA-48, blaKPC, blaGIM, blaSME, blaIMI, blaIMP, blaSPM, blaSIM, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-24, blaOXA-51, blaOXA-58, mcr) via qualitative real-time PCR and antibiotic-resistant bacteria [belonging to the ESKAPE-group (Enterococcus faecium, Staphyhlococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter ssp.; with resistance against Carbapenemases, Cephalosporines and Colistin) and Escherichia coli] based on cultivation methods followed by a characterization via MALDI-TOF MS and susceptibility testing applying microdilution.
Residues
of macrolide antibiotics such as clarithromycin (up to 0.60 μg/L) and
residues of sulfamethoxazole (up to 0.40 μg/L) and trimethoprim (up to
0.39 μg/L) were detected downstream of the sewage treatment plants. In
addition, no antibiotic residues were detected upstream the respective
sewage treatment plants, except for anhydroerythromycin (n = 1,
In conclusion, sewage treatment plant effluents are point sources for antibiotic residues (p = 0.0000 and p = 0.0001) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (p = 0.0021 and p = 0.0060) since their concentrations increased significantly after the discharge of treated wastewater into the investigated rivers. In this specific catchment area, which lacked clinical, hospitals, and intensive livestock farming, no significant bacterial or analyzed chemical (antibiotic residues) influences of the sewage treatment plants were observed in the river downstream of the drinking water reservoir during the study. Furthermore, no increased selection pressure could be expected as no measured antibiotic residues exceeded the predicted no effect concentration for antibiotic resistance selection, according to Bengtsson-Palme and Larsson (2016).
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1438463919309162