摘要

      固体有机废弃物是产生耐药基因的重要来源，迫切需要有效的处理策略来限制耐药的蔓延。在实验室规模的固体厌氧消化池中，我们研究了垃圾、纸张和纸板混合物中ARG的多样性和丰度，以及抗生素抗性与微生物群落结构的关系。从消化饲料和消化产品中采集10份样品，进行微生物群落分析，包括小亚基rRNA基因测序、全群落元基因组测序和高通量定量PCR。我们观察到在消化6周后，微生物群落组成发生了显著变化，精氨酸多样性和丰度降低。在所有的标本中均发现了ARGs，其中以多药耐药最为丰富。在消化饲料中检测到的32%的精氨酸位于质粒上，表明有水平基因转移的潜力。利用亚基因组组装和binning技术，检测了消化饲料中ARGs的潜在寄主，包括Erwinia、双歧杆菌科、乳酸乳球菌和乳酸杆菌。我们的结果表明，对食物垃圾、纸张和纸板进行连续固态厌氧消化的过程，显著降低了每16srrna基因中ARGs的相对丰度。

      Solid organic waste is a significant source of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and effective treatment strategies are urgently required to limit the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Here, we studied ARG diversity and abundance as well as the relationship between antibiotic resistome and microbial community structure within a lab-scale solid-state anaerobic digester treating a mixture of food waste, paper and cardboard. A total of 10 samples from digester feed and digestion products were collected for microbial community analysis including small subunit rRNA gene sequencing, total community metagenome sequencing and high-throughput quantitative PCR. We observed a significant shift in microbial community composition and a reduction in ARG diversity and abundance after 6 weeks of digestion. ARGs were identified in all samples with multidrug resistance being the most abundant ARG type. Thirty-two per cent of ARGs detected in digester feed were located on plasmids indicating potential for horizontal gene transfer. Using metagenomic assembly and binning, we detected potential bacterial hosts of ARGs in digester feed, which included Erwinia, Bifidobacteriaceae, Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus. Our results indicate that the process of sequential solid-state anaerobic digestion of food waste, paper and cardboard tested herein provides a significant reduction in the relative abundance of ARGs per 16S rRNA gene.

      https://academic.oup.com/femsec/article-abstract/96/2/fiaa006/5700280