摘要

      抗生素在医药和农业中的使用，有助于在不同环境中增加抗药性细菌的数量。抗生素耐药基因（ARG）在细菌属间的转移能力是导致这种传播的原因。在环境和研究人群无法完全控制的自然环境中，很难将抗生素暴露与精氨酸的传播直接联系起来。我们使用管理蜜蜂在环境中与链霉素暴露（美国：高暴露，挪威：低暴露）进行对比，并绘制了可转移链霉素抗性基因的流行和传播图。我们发现，与挪威的17/90和1/90阳性样本相比，美国的strA-strB基因的患病率较高（p<0.00007）。我们在蜜蜂肠道共生体Snodgrassella alvi的可转移转座子Tn5393上鉴定了strA-strB基因。当蜜蜂被转移到新的授粉地点时，这种抗性基因的转移增加了传播到新环境的风险。

       Use of antibiotics in medicine and farming contributes to increasing numbers of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in diverse environments. The ability of antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) to transfer between bacteria genera contributes to this spread. It is difficult to directly link antibiotic exposure to the spread of ARG in a natural environment where environmental settings and study populations cannot be fully controlled. We used managed honeybees in environments with contrasting streptomycin exposure (USA: high exposure, Norway: low exposure) and mapped the prevalence and spread of transferrable streptomycin resistance genes. We found a high prevalence of strA-strB genes in the USA compared to Norway with 17/90 and 1/90 positive samples, respectively (p < 0.00007). We identified strA-strB genes on a transferrable transposon Tn5393 in the honeybee gut symbiont Snodgrassella alvi. Such transfer of resistance genes increases the risk of the spread to new environments as honeybees are moved to new pollination sites.

        https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00248-018-1171-7